Development of Nude Photography Essay

The paper attempts to critically examine, albeit briefly, the impacts of socio-cultural structures in the development of nude photography as an art form. It highlights the broad comparison of Asian and Western nude photography by showcasing some leading photographers specializing in nudist photographs. The workings of the social norms and societal structures, including conservative state apparatuses in some cultures, will also be briefly illustrated as far as they affect the form and content of works of the respective artist-photographers. A. Development of nude photography across cultural divide and time Nude photography is a distinct branch of art photography using humans in still position as subjects. Majority of art critics hold the dominant view that nude photography studies the human body and not the person. The latter pertains to portrait photography, which is a significantly different form. As will be illustrated later, this dominant view is being continually challenged, notably Araki Nobuyoshi, a controversial and highly prolific Japanese photographer. Nude photography is dissimilar from erotic photography, which is actually suggestive of erotic and sexual contents. Although there are established criteria in differentiating one from the other, an evaluation of whether a photograph is a valid nudist photo or a pornographic material remains largely with the viewer. More liberal and aggressive photo styles and techniques blur further the already thin dividing line between art and pornography. Nude photography did not develop as one single movement. It began as separate changes in individual preferences of various notable photographers, particularly in the early 20th century. Nudity, however, has been a favorite subject of paintings and sculpture, famously beginning with classical Greek sculptures and Renaissance paintings. Admittedly, artist-photographers in Western countries were the first to explore the use of nude women as subject, owing largely to more liberal atmosphere compared to their Asian counterparts. Some of the leading initiators of the new photography art form were Felix-Jacques Moulin, Edward Weston, Ruth Bernhard and Jerry Avenaim. Asian nude photography developed albeit later than its Western counterparts did. Conservative mores and restrictive culture impeded smoother and faster evolution of nudity as both an art form and content. Societies that were largely dictated by highly formal familial structure did not provide the ideal environment for the rapid development of nude photography. Such situation can be viewed differently, however. On the one hand, the restrictive atmosphere discouraged many promising professional photographers in exploring the use of nude subjects, fearful of being rejected by the society and ostracized in the art community. Since most of the photos were featured in local photo exhibits, they took the limited form of publication, allowing the government to exercise prior restraint measures, such as censorship. The case of Nobuyoshi is particularly interesting, because no less than the literal physical might of the Japanese government, supposedly as a repository of public interest and welfare, prohibited the exhibition and publication of some of his relatively controversial art works. On the other hand, the earlier social restrictions on nudist art photography unwittingly provided also a good breeding ground for defiance, with varying outcomes. Nobuyoshi, aside from being a highly prolific photographer, emerged as a controversial public figure because of his experimentation of nudist photos, sometimes including sado-masochistic contents and strong visual imagery of the human genitalia. Extending the limits of the society is still a powerful weapon of the oppressed. Economic development also came much later among countries in Asia. Most of these countries experienced socio-political upheavals as they strived to free themselves from colonial bondage. They also struggled in eventually demolishing whatever remaining post-colonial structures controlled by local elites who replaced their previous colonial masters. Art, in general, was just one of the tools used by those who wanted to reform their societies. Photography, along with other visual arts, is a powerful medium that could effectively increase the potency of the message reformists want to embed in the public psyche. One study conducted by Willem van Schendel of the University of Amsterdam and International Institute of Social History is particularly enlightening. The study involved a minority indigenous group in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, a district in Bangladesh. The study reveals how photography was utilized as a potent tool against the localized colonial onslaught by more economically dominant Bangladeshi districts and cities—a grim reminder of the country’s colonial history. It also showcases the adverse impacts of what Schendel calls as â€Å"enforced nudity†. B. Edward Weston and other leading Western nude photographers Edward Weston was an American photographer born towards the end of the 19th century. He was born at the time when the artist community started reviving the Renaissance cultural legacy and reached the zenith of his career as an artist-photographer at the time when the so-called â€Å"Sexual Revolution† was slowly beginning to invade the United States. Weston started exploring photography as an adolescent using a camera given to him by his father. Although born of a family with a relatively strong intellectual tradition, he dismissed the virtue of completing formal education and began concentrating on photography and exploring various techniques that eventually led him to fame. When Weston was already embarking on his photography career, the prevailing art genre was pictorialism. Pictorialist photography is characterized by the suppression of finer details through photo manipulation. Some people called it as the abstract painting version of photography. Photography then was not considered strictly as an art form, unlike the typical paintings and sculptures. Pioneering artist-photographers wanted to emulate the painting as a legitimate art form, hence the manipulation of the photo outputs to mimic abstract paintings. Pictorialism was essentially used as a critical vehicle in the eventual acceptance of photography as a valid art. The leading figure in the said art movement was Alfred Stieglitz, notably starting with his Camera Work publication from 1913-1917. Weston eventually abandoned Pictorialism in favor of straight photography. Together with other notable colleagues, such as Ansel Adams and William Van Dyke, Weston founded the Group f/64, then initially composed of seven 20th century-photographers based in San Francisco, US. The group wanted to offer an alternative paradigm, employing unadulterated and purist version of photos, with subjects usually confined to those naturally existing objects. Western nude photographers were relatively not adversely affected by socio-political upheavals experienced then in less developed societies around the world. They enjoyed more liberal atmosphere, allowing them wider breadth to explore unusual and more controversial subjects. One specific issue, however, hounded Weston, in particular. At the time when he was slowly building his budding career, he was relatively located apart from his fellow photographers, mostly living and exhibiting in New York and other areas in the east coast. At that time, Weston was living in California. Photo reproduction was then still a developing technology, mostly relying on photo templates that required greater task in reproducing them. The state of technology and his physical location provided the fertile ground for the development of his unique ideas on photography. To a certain extent, Weston is considered by art historians as the primary precursor of purist nude photography in the United States. C. Araki Nobuyoshi briefly showcased Nobuyoshi is a leading and highly controversial Japanese photographer born in 1940 in Tokyo. He started his passion in photography when he was employed by Dentsu, Inc. , an advertising company. Soon, he embarked on a more independent career path, submitting majority of his works to leading magazines and other publications in Japan. Nobuyoshi is a seemingly interesting case. Despite living in a much-developed country compared to Japan’s neighboring countries in Asia, he was not exempted from the restrictive government regulating arms, largely influenced by the dominant socio-cultural and moral tenets. In fact, as recent as 1992, police officers raided a photo gallery where his famous book by Nobuyoshi, entitled â€Å"Erotos†, was being sold. Police personnel arrested various people behind the event on obscenity grounds. A year earlier, he was slapped with a 300,000-yen fine because of erotic photos in a photo exhibit titled â€Å"Photo-maniac Diary†. In stark contrast to the repressive state censorship of his works in Japan, â€Å"Erotos† was widely acclaimed in Western countries, with the book’s Austrian publisher expressing shock and utter disappointment. Weston and Nobuyoshi share one specific photo style. Unlike most other nude photographers who remain focused on the body shape and not the person as the dominant subject, Weston and Nobuyoshi took many photos depicting even clearly showing the human face. It was a substantial departure from the prevalent and more careful technique that gives lesser emphasis on the human face, cognizant of the blurry line dividing nude photography and pornography. Nobuyoshi went even further by taking countless photos of the human genitalia, explaining largely why he is both loved and hated by art critics in his own country. Conclusion As elucidated earlier, the evolution of nude photography as another legitimate art form did not come about as a sudden explosion of defiance against the dominant genre in photography. The state of technology in photo reproduction and existing socio-cultural tenets dictated the pace of development of nude photography as an alternative art form. Western countries, with better equipment and more liberal atmosphere, were responsible in the initial appearance of nudist photos as distinctly different from erotic and pornographic materials. Photos of nude women gained wider and smoother acceptance among the literati in these countries. Asian nude photographers have an entirely different experience. As indicated in the case of Nobuyoshi, they were struggling against repressive social structures that were consequently translated into literal censorship of their works by government authorities. Despite the economic boon Japan was experiencing as late as the 1990s, oppressive and conservative structures and mindset had then yet to be demolished and replaced. Bibliography Hirsch, Robert, â€Å"Seizing the Light: A History of Photography. † NY: McGraw-Hill, 2000 â€Å"Nude Photography. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nude_photography â€Å"Pictorialism. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pictorialism van Schendel, William. â€Å"A Politics of Nudity: Photography of the ‘Naked Mru’ of Bangladesh. † Cambridge Journals. http://journals. cambridge. org/action/displayAbstract? fromPage=online&aid=100313

Homework 6

According to the dependency theory, the high-income, more-developed nations can improve their standard of living only with a period of intensive economic growth and accompanying changes in people’s beliefs, values, and attitudes toward work. False According to social scientists, absolute poverty exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living; it is measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner’s expectations and perceptions. FalseAnalysts using a development framework typically view industrialization and economic development as essential steps that nations must go through in order to reduce poverty and increase life chances for their citizens. True * Of all age groups, persons aged 65 and over are the most likely to be uninsured in the United States. False * * Global stratification refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, resulting i n people having vastly different lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world.True * * Intragenerational mobility is the social movement experienced by family members from one generation to the next. Intragenerational mobility may be downward as well as upward. False * * Most low-income countries in Africa and South America are core nations that are dependent on peripheral nations for capital, have little or no industrialization, and have uneven patterns of urbanization.False * * According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein’s world systems theory, the capitalist world economy is a global system divided into a hierarchy of three major types of nations in which upward or downward mobility is conditioned by the resources and obstacles that characterize the international system. True * * Educational opportunities and life chances are directly linked. Symbolic nteractionists view education as the â€Å"elevator† to social mobility. Improvement s in the educational achievement levels of the poor, people of color, and white women have been cited as evidence that students’ abilities are now more important than their class, race, or gender. False * * Low-income countries are primarily hunting and gathering nations with some industrialization and moderate levels of national and personal income. False * *

Advanced Practicing Nursing and Approaches to Measuring the Performanc Term Paper

Advanced Practicing Nursing and Approaches to Measuring the Performance of APNs Advanced Practicing Nursing Advanced Practicing Nursing Introduction Advance Practice Nurses (APNs) are obliged to perform various activities within a health institution after having completed advance training. APNs include nurse practitioners and nurse specialists. Other nurses who are under APNs include mid-wives and anesthetists. All of the APNs nurses are entitled to offer direct patient care. This means that they have the obligation of providing education and consultation to patients. They are also required to offer clinical leadership and in some cases conduct research in their respective areas of operations. This paper provides information that establishes the value of APNs in the medical fraternity. Reasons for measuring performance of APNs One of the main significant reasons for measuring performance of APNs is because there have been change in response to various circumstances and activities entitled to be performed by these nurses (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). These changes have occurred because of advancement in core skills, scopes of practice and professional boundaries associated with APNs (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). The other main reason for measuring performance of APNs is that there is a growing consensus that many of the APNs are embracing other roles and obligations like management and leadership (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). This means that in order to make sure that they can be able to carryout these roles within the recommended and outlined ways, there is a need to measure their performance. Another significant reason for measuring the performance of APNs is that they are referred to be distinct in the medical fraternity because of their hybrid and quasi-medical practice (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). This means tha t APNs are obliged to carryout various crucial and autonomous medical operations. In order to be able to perform all these demanding activities there is need to measure their performance with the aim and primary purpose being public protection (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). Approaches to measuring performance of APNs Kleinpell (2003) indicates that there is a need for measuring the outcome of APNs. In order to measure the performance of APNs in an effectively way, Kleinpell (2003) provides the best approaches that ought to be employed. Some of these approaches include physiological. On physiological approach, some of the recommended area to measure includes heart rate and weight (Kleinpell, 2003). The other approach is psychosocial. Areas that ought to be given the first priority in this approach include attitude and mood. Moreover, there is also the need to consider behavioral approach (Kleinpell, 2003). This entails measuring compliance and motivational of APNs. Other approaches include functional where activities of daily life can be measured and knowledge where the medical knowhow can also be measured (Kleinpell, 2003). Establishing the Value of Advanced Practice Nursing APN offer significant contribution in the medical fraternity through conducting various roles that in most cases require special attention and extensive medical practice knowledge. Some of the established value and role of APN include providing response to the increased medicals specialization (Furlong & Smith, 2005). APNs also assist in providing response to the inaccessibility of medical care. Moreover, APNs are expert in clinical practice and therefore, they can be able to enact various obligations in health institutions. They are also employed with ethical decision-making skills that tend to be of significant importance in the medical fraternity (Furlong & Smith, 2005). Conclusion The above information indicates that APNs are of significant importance in health institutions as they contribute much in giving the recommended help to patients. Moreover, apart from taking care of the patients, APNs are equipped with other skills as explained above that assists them in providing help to a wide scope of areas. This means APNs can serve the patients, other staff members in health institutions and the public. Reference Brook, S., & Rushforth, H. (2011). Why is the regulation of advanced practice essential?. British Journal Of Nursing (BJN), 20(16), 996-1000. https://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&hid=116&sid=87df2816-02fe-4803-bfc4-d7d964729bdc%40sessionmgr13 Furlong, E., & Smith, R. (2005). Advanced nursing practice: policy, education and role development. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 14(9), 1059-1066. https://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&hid=120&sid=87df2816-02fe-4803-bfc4-d7d964729bdc%40sessionmgr13. Kleinpell, R. M. (2003). Measuring Advanced Practice Nursing Outcomes: Strategies and Resources. Critical Care Nurse, 236-10. https://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=5&sid=87df2816-02fe-4803-bfc4-d7d964729bdc%40sessionmgr13

British Television Comedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Television Comedy - Essay Example Negative health effects can become evident if a person sits around the house all day watching TV. But is there anything positive that can be said about television? Educational programs are believed to be a positive element ÃŽ ¿f television, since those watching will learn from the show. Television is also viewed as being a way for anyone to connect to the world. Basically, television allows us to gain knowledge about events occurring in China, Brazil, and all around the world. Television allows us to communicate with each other. And ÃŽ ¿f course, the main positive aspect ÃŽ ¿f television is that it provides us with entertainment. Feeling bored with nothing to do? Turn on the TV for a half hour and enjoy your favourite television show. As you can see, there are both positive and negative effects associated with television. But no matter what anyone says, one thing is clear: television is here to stay. The technology keeps getting better, as more and more channels become available to us. Television ratings today are higher than ever. People are tuning in, and television is a part ÃŽ ¿f almost everyones life. Violence on TV effects people, especially children, in negative ways. Before the average American child leaves elementary school, researchers estimate that he or she will have witnessed more than 8,000 murders on television. Nearly 3,000 studies have found a connection between television violence and real violence. For example, studies involving children show that the more violence a child watches on TV, the more violent he or she will act. People that watch TV are influenced by what they watch. For example, a person might watch a man swearing on television, and then they use the same swear words as the person on television did. Or a young girl might watch a show in which all ÃŽ ¿f the main characters are skinny, and because ÃŽ ¿f this she might want to make herself thinner, endangering her health in the process. Some people become addicted to TV. They watch

Widget Manufacturing Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Widget Manufacturing - Case Study Example rom investments in Mexico, but were affected by the global recession which reduced the Mexico GDP from an average of 2.3 percent to a – 6.5 percent. Despite the I.M assurance that the firm will have alternative methods to reduce the FX in expenses such as payroll, purchasing, and lease costs, there are major risks involved, which Arnold has to address. After investing in Mexico, the widget company will experience three types of currency volatility risks, which include transaction exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure. The three major risks are not covered in the IM assurance and hence Arnold’s concerns are logical and valid. In prior to investing, the Widget Manufacturing capital management should analyze the capital investments involved in a larger perspective. The main aim of the capital management team is to ensure that the value of the firm increases gradually and to uphold profitability. Therefore, Arnold should consider several other factors other than the currency volatility (FX rates); the factors to be considered include, but not limited to, Support capital, liquefaction value, account receivables and payables, and general risks. Support capital is the supplementary resources that are required to enhance productivity of the mainstream capital; they include infrastructure, labor, management etc. Before investing, Arnold should consider the possibility, whether Widget Manufacturing will find the desired workers, management, and sufficient infrastructure network to support the proposed venture. Similarly, he should consider the liquefaction/resale value of the investment, following the thriving un stable economy at the time of decision-making; it is highly likely that the capital will depreciate after investment. The risk calls for an indepth analysis of Mexico market to ensure that the business withstands the competition and attracts a reasonable liquefaction value in case of collapse. In addition, account payable and account receivables

Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Organizational Behaviour - Essay Example As a leader, it is essential to be accountable for any occurrences in the school. To fulfill my mission, I need to point the school where I think it should go and try to keep it on the correct path. As an agent of change, I aim to lead improvement and change in management of various critical schooling components through development of collectively held, strong, and clear institutional mission. My philosophy also improves management by being responsible for the school’s overall administration. Finally, I also aim to be a researcher who examines trends, comes up with hypotheses, predicts, and tests the hypotheses to improve administrative capabilities. Then, identify the five* most important leadership skills, competencies or attributes that you think will be required to succeed in your profession/occupation in the future. Oral communication is an important skill in a leader, of which one has to be articulate, able to make clearly oral presentations of ideas and facts, and make a good impression (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p40). Another central attribute of an effective leader is vision, which is the ability to foresee the future, as well as predict the unknowable. It also allows the leader to come up with the business’ strategic view, as well as the role that effective leadership will play in this strategic viewpoint. Thirdly, Integrity and honesty is another important attribute for a leader. This is important for the employees to buy into the proposals made by the leader, especially because it is representative of the leader’s overall character and establishes their credibility. Fourthly, innovation as a skill is important for school leaders because the institution will only be as innovative as the leader since internal innovation begins with the leader (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p42). Finally, one should also be self-motivated with a clear vision about the direction the institution is taking, as well as where their professional life is headed. Se lect three of these and describe why an understanding of these are important and/or of practical use to business leaders and/or their companies. It is important to understand the importance of self-motivation because it can be contagious to employees around, while also possessing the ability to draw them aboard the leader’s vision. A self-motivated leader also recognizes the need for employees to work as a team to increase their productivity (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p51). Self-motivated leaders also push themselves and others to accomplish set goals and are able to gain the trust of employees. The use of innovation by leaders is also of utmost importance today, especially with the global nature of today’s institutions. The ability of the institution to innovate should start with the leader, especially in the tapping of new ideas from employees that create value, as well as that of parents, students, and the community (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p54). Innovation today is a v ital driver of valuation, performance, and growth and leaders must ensure they are at the forefront. Finally, oral communication is of special importance to a school administrator to translate technical knowledge to staff in a way they can understand. It is also essential in communication of ideas so that the administrator’s idea is not dismissed or misinterpreted by their subordinates (Kouzes & Posner,

Recruiting and Selection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recruiting and Selection Paper - Essay Example It attempts to encompass every level of employees in the recruitment and selection procedure (Sullivan, 2007). Current Recruitment and Selection Approach used in Google There are several kinds of recruitment and selection approaches that an organization can adopt as well as implement. In this regard, a few of the approaches are internal sourcing, external sourcing, campus recruiting and employee referral among others. It has been apparently observed that Google use multiple approaches of recruitment. The prime objective of the organization is to employ talented employees. With respect to recruitment and selection approach, Google adopts unique approach and thus developed an effective recruiting culture successfully. The recruiting functions in Google encompass entire organization rather than focusing only upon human resource (HR) department. As a result, it can be affirmed that Google has gone through following certain extraordinary steps for attracting along with retaining best tale nts. The components relating to recruitment and selection approach that used by Google are as follows: Employment Branding Employment branding is a method of making an organization to be one of the finest sites to work for. Google has successfully established itself as an employer brand which helps to attract huge figure of individuals or people. As a result, Google is observed as one of the top companies of employment choice for different talented individuals. In this regard, the approach of employer branding helps to attract potential employees towards any particular brand (Sullivan, 2007). Employee Retention Google produces exceptional experience for the employee and provides chances for them to concentrate on developing their key abilities. Due to this reason, the rate of employee turnover in Google is quite low, even if the organization provides the employees only market- oriented salary. The key rationale for Google’s unique recruitment approach is that the organization does not consider money to be the only issue in employment, rather there are other non-monetary factors that largely affects employee loyalty by a considerable level (Sullivan, 2007). Creativity Google continues to crop up with innovative approaches in relation to recruit and select talented employees. For instance, in the year 2006, Google had rearranged its search engine in order to deliver effectual recruiting message to the students as well as the faculties of different schools and colleges. This approach of recruitment was quite simple and discreet in nature (Sullivan, 2007). Employee Referral Program Employee referral program is the other vital recruitment approach which used by Google. In this particular approach, if any suggested candidate is appointed by the organization, the employee who referred that candidate gains reward on the condition that the suggested employee stays for a specific time period. In Google, the program concerning employee referral has been designed w ith the intention of gaining excellent candidate experience. Google can be viewed to be highly active and considers every referral with equal importance. While other organizations design the program relating to employee referral on the basis of fulfilling organizational requirements, Google had understood that the success of employee referral program should be designed in order to satisfy the requirements of the employees (Sullivan, 2007). Data Oriented Approach to Candidate Evaluation Google

Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Essay

Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder - Essay Example In addition, my duties also involve systematic screening and monitoring the immunization of students, which also provides a system for handling and managing medical situations within the school. In essence, my role as a school nurse is to provide a process for the recognition and resolution of the healthcare needs of students that may affect their academic performance. As earlier mentioned, the nursing and midwifery code of conduct requires utmost confidentiality with regard prognosis and treatment (Goodman and Scott 2005, p. 141). This means that nurses and midwives are required to respect patients’ rights to confidentiality, while at the same time ensuring that patients appreciate the need for sharing pertinent information with those providing their care. However, the code of conduct requires that the nurse or midwife discloses any information that could save the life of a patient in accordance with the UK Healthcare regulations. Essentially, the codes of conduct with regard to confidentiality imply that people have the explicit right to require that the information shared with a nurse or midwife is only used for the objective for which it was issued and it is not disclosed without prior permission. This typically encompasses situations where info is divulged directly to a nurse or midwife, as well as when information that nurses and midwives obtain from other persons. According to Schachar (1991, p. 82), attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) refers to a variety of pediatric behavioral disorders that include symptoms such as poor concentration, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Nearly 5% of UK children between the four and twelve years are diagnosed with ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD is thrice more in boys than girls. Treatment of ADHD consists of evaluation and treatment of a child’s craniosacral fascial system and the administration of methylphenidate. This paper will review the CAMHS assessment of a child with an attention deficit hypera ctive disorder (ADHD), examining the formulation and reflections of the nurse involved in the assessment. Basic CAMHS Assessment CAMHS assessment is essentially a confidential service that must adhere to the confidentiality policy of the nursing and midwifery code of conduct. This means that all conversations and disclosures made by patients, especially during the initial CAMHS assessment should not be relayed to other persons other than family members and doctors. However, it is pertinent to note that it is sometimes critical that some information is shared with other CAMHS professionals to ensure a patient receives accurate and sufficient treatment for a disorder. Nonetheless, the patient must give informed consent for the information to be shared. A generic CAMHS assessment entails a series of information that is relevant not only to the identification of the disorder, but also its treatment. A standard CAMHS assessment entails important information with regard to the patientâ₠¬â„¢s past medical history (Barkley 1998, p. 174). A CAMHS assessment typically contains the following elements: a) Developmental history b) Family history c) Attachment history d) Screening for ADHD symptoms e) Comorbidities f) Questionnaires g) Observation of the child (patient).

Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Resume - Essay Example The majority of his career was devoted to Counter Terrorism, Close Protection, covert operations, and working in hostile environments. Mr. Perkins has made contributions concerning security measurements in businesses in Asia, Africa, and the Gulf Region. He is based in the Philippines and has worked on world-wide assignments. His focus has been on businesses that have needed high risk security. OBJECTIVE: I am seeking the opportunity to utilize my talents and experience to work in high risk security projects where I may be in a position to plan, design, develop, implement, and evaluate the security of corporations. Enhanced the security program in China, in various areas: Threat Assessment; Security Management Plan; Emergency Evaluation Plan; Operating Procedures; Kidnap and Ransom Plan, and Close Protection Team Training. Managed the security for a joint Australian/Philippines company based in the Philippines and was responsible for the safety of 800 employees and the property on site (an island that has insurgency

Starting and Developing a New Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Starting and Developing a New Venture - Essay Example They have endured a lot and gone through many hurdles but their success is worth the risk they took. Their experiences in their different ventures are very vital for those aspiring to be in entrepreneurship. Although the two entrepreneurs have invested in different field, they have common entrepreneurial traits are attributed to them I regard to their line of work and which may have helped them become insiders and business mogul. All entrepreneurs have many things in common, but every one of them has a unique characteristic (Kaushik, & Bhatnagar, 2009, p.84). Stelios Haji Ioannou a self labeled serial entrepreneur studied Economics and later Shipping, Trade and Finance. He started working for his father and later set up his own shipping company with the capital he was given by his father. Haji started Easy jet in 1995 some years later after being acquitted by courts on charges of poor maintenance, manslaughter, intimidation and attempting to bribe witnesses. Haji held one of his serv ing crew responsible for the accident. On the other hand Richard Branson ventured into business at a tender age of 16. Though Branson had dyslexia and poor academic performance as a student, he later discovered his ability to connect with others. Entrepreneurial characteristics of Richard Branson and Haji Stelios Locus of Control The locus of control is the power in the principle that one can formulate and implement things. Most entrepreneurs have a high locus but in most cases they are poor in delegating duties. They are upbeat when it comes to venturing into business. They tend to be more practical and positive about their business ventures. In 1993, Branson took what most people thought was a very risky: the railway business. This is a good signal that he could do the impossible and make it happen in the practical world. Entering into the railway business for Branson was no weak point on his person but was by far and thick a measure of his ability to make things happen. For Haji taking on his business and making his firm the biggest budget airline corporation in Europe is not a small thing. By engaging in such a big venture against all odds Haji was taking the path often taken by very few people. Locus of control goes beyond setting up a venture and consists of such things like formulation, control and implementation. Branson and Haji are in that breed of entrepreneur who have managed to set themselves up and avail that consistent locus of control. Creativity and Innovation Necessity is the mother of invention. Most entrepreneurs rely on the necessity of a certain group of people. Curiosity and creativity is the quintessence of entrepreneurism. New products, new solutions and new ways are the core of creativity and in general entrepreneurism. It is about willing to think of all possibilities and opening one’s mind to creative things through being inquisitive of what is going on in the world and quite often generating a gimmick of stuff that suggests one’s ability to create new products that other people are afraid of thinking. Branson has been termed as one of the new generation of the creative world. He took products that were already in existence and made them look original. He has revolutionized the airline business by integrating it with other business ventures like the Virgin Fuels and Space tourism. Virgin Fuels was designed to respond to global warming and exploit the insistence spikes in

The Influence of Society Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Society Essay Without society we don’t have some form of structure to keep us from overcoming selfishness. In the novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley and Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the obsession for power and knowledge is well brought forth in the characters of the text. In the beginning Macbeth and Victor Frankenstein are well respected. Then, the two characters remove themselves from society causing their great obsessions to over-power them, in which they lose control. Macbeth and Frankenstein lose their original reputations when they remove themselves from society and their own identities become consumed by an obsession for power. Both Macbeth and Frankenstein are originally well-respected members of their community. Macbeth is a loyal friend to the king and was known for his bravery in fighting. â€Å"Conduct me to mine host. We love him highly/ and shall continue our graces towards him. †(I. V. 30-31). Duncan is saying how he thinks very highly of Macbeth and favors him, proving Macbeth’s honorable reputation. Victor Frankenstein is a well-known man for his knowledge and understanding in the sciences. Curiosity, earnest research to learn the hidden laws of nature, gladness akin to rapture, as they were unfolded to me, are among the earliest sensations I can remember. (Shelley 31). Frankenstein’s reputation was based on his fascination for science and his commitment to it. Macbeth and Victor Frankenstein were both well known in their communities and highly thought of. Soon both Macbeth and Victor lose the connection they have to society by removing themselves from it so they can focus on their individual goals. Macbeth unconsciously slowly starts to remove himself from society when his desire for ultimate power takes over as he decides he will stop at nothing to be in control and become king. â€Å"The prince of Cumberland! That is a step/on which I must fall down, or else oerleap,/for in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;/let not light see my black and deep desires. /The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be/Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. †(I. IV. 50-55). Macbeth is at the point where he starts to remove himself from society and is becoming consumed with his obsession of being king and having power. Frankenstein’s love for science turns into an obsession when he gets to the point where he attempts to play god. After days and nights of incredible labour and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life; nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter. (Shelley 30). Frankenstein has cut himself out from the world and is consumed in his obsession to give life. Macbeth and Frankenstein seclude themselves from society because of Macbeth’s obsession for power and to have control, and Frankenstein’s obsession to be god and create life to prove his knowledge. Both Macbeth and Frankenstein ev entually lose their identities in society when they give in to their obsessions for power. Macbeth loses his identity after giving into his obsession of being king and killing Duncan and Banquo. â€Å"Prithee, see there! Behold! Look! Lo! How say you? /Why, what care I? If thou canst nod, speak too. /if charnel houses and our graves must send/those that we bury back, our monuments/shall be the maws of kites. †(III. iv. 72-76). Macbeth has officially lost his identity when he sees Banquo’s ghost and starts acting crazy infront of his guests and they are starting to question if Macbeth is guilty for Duncan’s death. Victor Frankenstein has a loss of identity when he becomes a mad scientist and digs up graves for corpse, sew pieces together, and then brought the results to life. )We can see how a person who lives within a society, interacting on a regular basis with others, tends to follow and respect the standards, morals and cultural traditions of their society. When a person removes themselves from society because they have become obsessed with singular or private pursuit, and that obsession is greater than everything and everyone else in their life, they can become very selfish, self-cent ered, self-serving, and in the case of Frankenstein and Macbeth, evil. In the case of Frankenstein, he came from a loving family, who supported him and was a good man until he became obsessed with creating a monster and isolated himself from his family and others as he built his monster. In the end Frankenstein realizes that he has disrupted the balance of nature and confesses to it: â€Å"How dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to be greater than his nature will allow. †(Shelley, 87). In the case of Macbeth, he had a pretty good life. He had a good marriage and was good friends with the king, until he became obsessed with being king and ruined his marriage and his life. Macbeth and Frankenstein obsession for power results in the removal from society, which makes them lose their original reputation. The two characters go from having a good reputation in society to being consumed by their obsessions for power of control and power of giving and creating life. This caused Macbeth and Frankenstein to lose their identities.

Anna Quindlen Essay Example for Free

Anna Quindlen Essay When you think great American author, many people think of Anna Quindlen. She won many awards. They include but are not limited to a Pulitzer and two Clarion Awards. She is an older sister and a daughter, as well as a wife and mother. Anna Quindlen has published many, many literary works, including novels, children’s books, nonfiction works, columns, and new table pictorials. This woman is not only an author, but she is a role model and hero to some, having accomplished her dreams with great dignity and grace. Anna Quindlen was not always Anna Quindlen the famous author. First, she was Anna Marie Quindlen, the oldest of five children in Philadelphia, and later on, New Jersey. She has one sister and three brothers, all of which are younger than she is, her sister being the youngest of the five. When Anna was nineteen, her mother, an italian woman, died of ovarian cancer at age fourty. She uses that experience in much of her writing, such as â€Å"A Short Guide to a Happy Life.† This left her with only her father, and Irish man, as most of the characters in her books such as â€Å"Object Lessons’ are. Since she was a teenager, Anna Quindlen has been a feminist, and although her reasoning has changed quite a bit, she still remains one. Anna currently is married to a man named Gerald Krovatin and has three children. They all live in New York City. This incredible woman has written and published four best-selling novels. They are â€Å"Object Lessons,† â€Å"One True Thing,† â€Å"Black and Blue,† and â€Å"Blessings.† â€Å"Black and Blue’ was made into a movie as well as â€Å"One True Thing†. Anna also has three collection of her colums published. They consist of â€Å"Living Out Loud,† â€Å"Thinking Out Loud,† and â€Å"Loud and Clear.† She also wrote about her own personal experiences in â€Å"A Short Guide to a Happy Life, â€Å"Being Perfect,† and â€Å"Imagined London.† â€Å"Being Perfect† is a national bestseller as well as â€Å"A Short Guide to a Happy Life.† She was a columnist for the New York Times from 1981 to 1994, and 1990 was a big year for her. In that year she was given the title of the third woman in New York Times history to write a column for the Op-Ed page. In 1995 Anna became a full-time book writer and left her column and journalism. In 1992, Ms. Quindlen won a very honorable prize. In the category of Commentary, Anna Quindlen won a Pulitzer Prize. However, she did not stop there . She went on to win a Mothers At Home Media Award in 2001, and two Clarion Awards. The first, in 2001 for Best Regular Opinion Column in a magazine, and the second in 2002 for Best Opinion Column from the Association for Women in Communications. Annna has received honorary doctorates from Moravian College, Smith College, Denison University, Stevens Institute of Technology, and Mount Holyoke College. She was also give the University Medal of Excellence from Columbia. Ms. Quindlen was also a Victoria Fellow in Contemporary Issues at Rutgers, a Poynter Fellow in Journalism at Yale, and a Fellow of the Academy of Arts Sciences. These things, among others, are what set her apart from others, and she has something to show for her achievements. And so Anna Quindlen accomplished more emotionally than any other woman on Earth. She was the third woman to write a certain column for the New York Times, and a best-selling author at the same time. As a role model for women everywhere, Anna Quindlen went from being little Anna Marie Quindlen to the great woman she is now. Her words have allowed the people of the twenty-first century to make great life choices and love people for who they are. Anna is thanked and revered for as long as she is remembered, which will definetly be for years and years to come.

Segregation Of Public Schools Effects On Student Achievement Education Essay

Segregation Of Public Schools Effects On Student Achievement Education Essay School systems across the U.S. are voluntarily segregating their schools and schools may be more segregated today than they were at the height of the Civil Rights Movement. There is overwhelming evidence that segregation is a toxic social issue that serves to fortify discriminatory viewpoints and attitudes that negatively affect particular populations of people and innately puts Black and Latino students at a disadvantage, weakening facets of social capital in these students neighborhoods and further widening the life-long achievement gap between these students and their White counterparts. Black students continue to score lower than White students on standardized tests are underrepresented in institutions of higher learning and achieve overwhelmingly lower rates of wealth. This research will evaluate the affect of racial segregation on student academic achievement, which for purpose of this research will include standardized testing performance as well as attributes of social mobility, in order to identify the best model for U.S. school systems that fosters equity in access to resources and high student achievement. In the present paper, several case studies that investigate the learning outcomes and academic achievement in segregated schools are evaluated. From review of these case studies a hypothesis can be formed that states that racial segregation is detrimental to non-white students, particularly Blacks and Latinos. The following literature reviews demonstrate and support this hypothesis. The studies conclude that students who attend primarily minority schools are not as well prepared for post-secondary education and that this achievement gap is directly related to the degree to which they experienced segregation. The research also shows that all student benefit from diversity in their school setting; White students are also disadvantaged by re-segregation of schools. Review of Literature In a research article by Jones-Sanpei (2009), the research first identifies specific overarching goals of public education. The goals of education that this study evaluated are individual outcomes (academic achievement and job readiness) community outcomes (parental empowerment and social capital networks) and, individual social outcomes, such as future political engagement, social skills, and civic skills. Secondly the Jones-Sanpei research discussed the theory and research surrounding social capital and used data from five southern school districts and matching data from the 2000 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS), (7) to examine the relationship between community social capital and segregated public schools. The study concluded by speculating about the potential effect of re-segregating public schools on both community and individual social capital. The Jones-Sanpei study stated that several factors promote student individual academic outcomes, which are usually measured by standardized exam scores. According to Jones-Sanpei (2009), student individual academic outcomes rely heavily on teacher attributes, pedagogical philosophy (teaching styles), and school structure. The study also takes into consideration school-mixed factors (community measures) such as parental involvement, curriculum funding, equity issues and community involvement, deemphasizing the practice of using solely standardized testing models to quantify students learning outcomes and student potential future competitiveness. The literature further legitimizes the importance of community measures as important outcomes of public education. Specific forms of social capital that may be fostered by public education include obligations and expectations among a network of individuals, information channels, and social norms. Social capital enables community members to tru st one another, establish business and political organizations, and to be involved in public education. Interactions through the public school medium have the potential to increase the general social capital of a community. (Jones-Sanpei, 2009). The Jones-Sanpei study looked at two large southern school districts from 1992/1998 through 2005. The six school districts included in this analysis all had between 50,000 and 125,000 students in the 2005-2006 school-year. Additional community measures included the percent of each racial group in the community; mean community education, mean community income, and population density based on 1990 Census data. Community social capital measures tested by the study were interracial friendships, informal socializing and social trust. To test the hypothesis that communities with segregated public schools have lower community social capital, the study used t-tests, then used logistic regression to examine which social capital measures contributed to the interracial friendship measure. The findings of the study were that residents of communities with higher levels of school district segregation reported significantly lower levels of general social trust while communities with less segregated school districts reported significantly more social trust. Furthermore, respondents with higher general social trust were twenty-nine percent more likely to report having interracial friendships than respondents who reported lower general social trust. The findings support the hypothesis that segregated schools put children at a disadvantage for competing with their peers who will later have to work in a diverse society. It may be that community social capital influences local school district policymaking with respect to racial integration or that district segregation influences community social capital. In conclusion, there seems to be a relationship between district segregation and community indicators of social capital. ( Jones-Sanpei, 2009) The (Goldsmith, 2009) study of the affect of re-segregation of public schools focused on the long-term effects of this segregated schooling on achievement levels of Black and Latino students. The study used longitudinal data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 which surveyed a sample of eight graders from across the U.S. in the spring of 1988. Students were resurveyed in 1990, 1992, 1994 and 2000. The NELS:88 data is relevant research about educational processes and outcome which include student learning, predictors of dropping out and effects on students access to equal education. Studying the minority-concentration and educational-attainment relationship is important because racial  segregation results  in  blacks and Latinos attending  schools  and living in neighborhoods with higher proportions of minorities than whites. (Goldsmith, 2009, 4) This study hypothesized that segregation perpetuates racial inequality and that the percentage of black or Lati no in a neighborhood negatively affects individuals educational achievement. The focus of ( Goldsmith, 2009) was the circumstances surrounding segregated schools, and possible causes of the segregation. This research summarized findings of previous studies and found that The racial segregation of neighborhoods is principally responsible for the racial segregation of schools (Goldsmith, 2009, p10).that show that schools that attempted to change from white, segregated schools to integrated schools had high rates of teachers and staff who reported that they did not receive adequate training to teach in integrated settings. Goldsmith also concluded that schools of segregated populations of Black and Latino students were less likely to graduate from high school and attain a bachelors degree than students in predominantly white schools. Empirical data from previous studies was analyzed the correlation between segregated neighborhoods, segregated schools and educational outcomes. This research supports earlier discussed hypotheses of segregations affect on individua l achievement and community social capital by analyzing the validity of the perpetuation theory. This theory maintains that Blacks and Latinos who experience segregation in schools and their communities continue to be segregated in other social institutions over the course of their lives fail to develop networks with whites or the knowledge for developing these networks. These networks are important because they carry high-status knowledge, for example, about college admission procedures. An inability to form social ties with whites and to access information in white networks reduces the life chances of blacks and Latinos well after adolescence. (Goldsmith, 2009, p10). Goldsmith, 2009 also presents reason for future research to study schools in predominantly minority neighborhoods as it would provide valuable data on effects of segregation on student achievement. The method for this research included NELS data as stated before as well as an analysis of students residential zip code areas retrieved from eth 1990 and 1992 census reports. The research conducted by (Austin, A M, 2008) clearly lays out data for the correlation between segregated schools and achievement on non-white students. The weight of the findings in this study further legitimize the importance of the two previous studies discussion of the long-term, quality of life disparities caused by the lack-luster community social capital of students in segregated schools and segregated neighborhoods. The main focus of this research was to compare the grade point averages of white male and female students to the grade point averages of male and female minority students. The students high school GPAs are then used a measure to project future college achievement by race. This research also supports the research presented by the NELS, clearly stating that racial segregation in schools across the U.S. directly affects minority students ability to compete in institutions of higher learning and eventually in the job market. (Austin, A M, 2008) found that the gap between white and minority students is about 11.2% of the average GPA. This study also looked at the effect of different environmental factors faced by minority students, specifically their segregation in early years of schooling, to explain the academic performance gap that existed once they reached the post-secondary level. Like previously reviewed studies, this study sound that minority students tend to live in segregated neighborhoods and attend segregated schools. This fact put minority students at a grave disadvantage at the post-secondary education level. For the research, student performance was tracked over a period of 6 years of 1331 public school students from the State of Georgia who enter the University of West Georgia in the Fall semester of 2001. Of the 1331 students in the study, 60% are female, 75.1% are white, 20.4% are black and the remaining students are Asian (1.1%), Hispanic (1.4%), Native American (0.4%) and multi-racial ( 1.7%). The average high school GPA is 3.01, and the average SAT scores are 502 for the verbal test, and 497 for the math. The study by (Massey, 2006) reported that 2/3 of African American lived under conditions of high racial segregation, and that 2/3 of all African Americans attended minority dominant schools. Masseys study focused on the academic achievement of 3924 students entering 28 selective universities in the Fall semester of 1999. He surveys these freshmen and assembles a data set on social conditions in neighborhoods and high schools and finds that minority students from segregated backgrounds attended substandard schools, received lower quality instruction, were exposed to higher levels of disorder and violence, and were less prepared socially for campus life. (Massey, 2006, 6) By looking at the reported performance of these students over their first three semesters in college, Massey concluded that segregation has a significant impact on student achievement. He estimated that going from total integration to total segregation would lower GPAs by about 0.13, and that taking segregated backgro unds into account reduces the performance gap, but doesnt completely eliminate it. He also predicts that, because his data is from highly selective schools, in general the effect will be worse. The study by (Condron, 2009) found that the number one cause of the achievement gap between minority students and white students is racial segregation in the schools. This study cited the social and economic stratification (social capital) between black and white Americans as a barrier to student achievement in schools and later as adults. This research used 1st grade data from a longitudinal study of a pre-kindergarten cohort and found that segregated schools cause an elevated role in the academic achievement gap as well as in social class disparities. This studys approach to the research differed from most by looking at social class as it directly correlates with race as opposed to looking at race as a sole determining factor of socio-economic status. This approach allowed the researcher to take into account that children growing up in different positions in the stratification hierarchy have categorically unequal and qualitatively different (rather than continuously graded) life and educational experiences [and that] poverty involves distinct material hardships and environmental disadvantages that may stunt poor childrens cognitive development (Condron, 2009, p9). This research also went deeper into the school-level practices that attribute to student achievement gap more so than the other literature reviewed here. In addition to looking at social capital, which other studies also did, this study analyzed organizational processes, teacher attributes and resources at the schools, in relation to student body composition. This study found that racially segregated schools had poor administrative cohesion, poorly developed staff, and substandard resources for students. In conclusion, the research is clear that despite historic Supreme Court victories to desegregate U.S. public schools, the workforce may be integrated but our neighborhoods and schools are not. There needs to be more research done in the way of showing more qualitative data of the future overall individual achievement of minority students who attend predominantly minority schools, segregated from white students. This should be done so that that one of two things can take place. Either a de-segregation movement in education reform policy needs to be pushed through or schools that remain segregated need to be brought up to the same standards of predominantly white, high performing school. It has already been proven that this has a significant impact on students in two ways. The first solution may prove more favorable as research also provides evidence that a diverse school environment benefits both minority and white students alike. The study will seek to provide to answer these specific questions: What is the perspective of individual teachers of the effects of their students culture, class, and gender on their academic performance? How do students view their race and the race of their classmates as factors that affect their academic achievement and overall academic experience? How do students and teacher talk about racial inequality in their school? How does school segregation affect both white and non-white students? The proposed study will help bring awareness to these critical points. Methodology For my study I will use two New York City schools, both on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. One school is a charter school where of the 380 students, 43% are black, 29% are Hispanic, 1% are White and 1% are Asian (information for the ethnicities of the other 25% was not provided at time of this proposal). 100% of the students who attend this k-5 school qualify for free lunch based on government poverty guidelines. The math and reading scores are high, among the best in the city (http://insideschools.org/?fs=1280). The other schools, a pubic school under the department of education, demographics is such: of 336 students, 13% black, 36% Hispanic, 34%White, 13% Asian (http://insideschools.org/index12.php?fs=20). The math and reading scores at this school are less than stellar. I will select 15 respondents from each school for the interview; three students from each grade, grade 3 through 5, one Black, one White and one Asian. I will select two teachers from each grade level. Teachers i n both upper and lower elementary school will be chosen and their ethnicities will be mixed to mirror those of the students being interviewed. This will be done to ascertain whether there are common themes in regards to perspective of race and students achievement amongst the teachers in terms of their ethnic background. The teachers will be selected based on the test score of their students from previous years; teachers with high results for student achievement will be selected. Data will be collected through interviews and observations. The interviews will be open-ended. They will focus on biographical information, what populations they have the most experience teaching, what they felt contributed to their success and trends in academic achievement they notice among the students they have worked with. They will also be asked general questions about how they prepare themselves to be culturally aware, how they address diversity or multiculturalism in the classroom and how they communicate expectations to their students. A sample of interview questions for the teachers that will be used: 1. Tell me about yourself? (Where are you from, upbringing, culture, why you chose to be a teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) 2. Have you been to any professional development workshop about diversity in the classroom? 3. How do you think your background and/or teacher training influence how you interact with students? (Your rapport with the students, communication style, your ethnic background in comparison to your students) 4. Do you set high expectations in your classroom? Why? Why not? 5. Do your expectations change depending on the demographics of your class? A sample of interview questions for the students that will be used: 1. Do you spend time with kids who are different from you in school? How are they different? 2. What is it like to go to school with these kids? 3. Do you have friends that attend another school? What is it like for them? 4. Does your teacher set high expectations for you? 5. Is school difficult for you? Why or why not? 6. Do you ever feel that you are different from your classmates or teachers? How? The teachers will be observed and video taped for ten hours in the span of three months. During the observations the researchers will take specific notes in regards to the teachers behavior and interaction with students. Potential codes that may arise include: expectations, communication, empathy and rapport. The researchers will look at the data identify overarching themes that speak to the effects of the shift to re-segregation of public schools. The data will be studied to see how the experiences of students in racially diverse school settings differ from those in segregated school settings and how this experience may translate to differences in academic achievement and components of the social capital theory, specifically, obligations and expectations among a network of individuals, information channels, and social norms. The committee will also seek to see if there are common themes in regards to the teachers ethnicity and professional development in regard to their cultural sensitivity. They will look at how the perspectives and identity of the teachers reflects how they approach diversity in the classroom and how they transmit information about a variety of topics, and how they set expectations for their students depending on students race. Discussion This research will clearly show that re-segregation is a problem that needs to be taken under control. This research is not only concerned with academic achievement affected by segregation, but is also concerned with students and teachers experience and perspective of race in the school. The data collected will tell the story of what effect race has on a school community and the whole educational experience of students. I expect to find that in the charter school where students are segregated in that there is a very small percentage of white students and there is less of a mixed demographics, that teachers are under-prepared to teach in classrooms where their students race is different from their own. I also expect to find that these teachers have had little or no professional development for fostering cultural sensitivity in their classrooms. Most importantly, I expect to find that teachers expectations and perception of student achievement in the charter school will be inconsistent, and differ from those of teachers in the public school where there is a more diverse student population and that their attitudes will decrease the effectiveness of their classroom instruction, thereby hindering the academic achievement of their students. Another expected result of this research is that students of different races will have significantly different responses to the question of what their teachers expectations. I expect that while teachers may report that they have the same expectations for all of their students, interview responses from students may very well reveal that students are intuitive and sensitive to the differences in teacher expectation that may be communicated through subtle teacher behavior like how much they are encouraged to participate in class discussions compared to other students. Possible shortcomings of the methods in this proposed study are that this data collected in the manner previously stated does not provide true longitudinal data to track specific students experiences of racial integration or segregation and their resulting academic achievement beyond elementary school. A longitudinal study may follow this study in the future. Further considerations for methodology that may affect the outcomes of this study are the affect of overall student interracial experiences. Limitations to the proposed research methods are that no data will be collected that gives researchers information for what the out-of-school experiences for the students are; do they live in diverse neighborhoods or segregated communities? What are their parent interracial relationships and/or experiences that may inform them? In future research data may be collected on the degree to which students are segregated outside of school. To collect this data, student enrollment records would have to be collected, tracking the students by race and places of residence, which can be generally identified by area zip codes. The possible problem with collecting this data may be that some students actually live outside the neighborhood listed on records. This could affect the findings of this research by misrepresenting the correlation between in-school seg regation and neighborhood segregation that affect overall student segregation and academic performance. Another limitation of the interview method to collect data in this study is that students and teachers may answer as they feel they are expected to. This would make the data collected by interview about teacher rapport with students and expectations of students achievement inconsistent with data that may be collected through formal observations by researcher. As we see more school reforms that resemble business models and more charters, we also see more segregation. One possible implication of this research is that charter, which appear to contribute heavily to the re-segregation, will come under more stringent scrutiny and closer regulation. As for public schools that are a part of the board of education. Other possible implications of this research are that administrations will consider more professional development training for their teachers in eth way of preparing them to teach their diverse or non-diverse populations. As stated in the introduction of this proposal, one of the goals of public schooling is to produce critical thinkers who can function in what is becoming a more diverse global job market. Having said this, it is foreseeable that this research will be used to inform schools and educators to the extent to which they are meeting this requirement of public schooling or missing the mark. There sill also be a shift in the conversations that surround race in the school. Through the information gathered from the interview responses, teachers and administration will become aware of the disconnect between students experiences and teachers perception of students experiences.

The Design of Taipei 101 Essay -- Structural Design

Stiffness and comfort (steel outrigger trusses) The 101 story building, 500 meters high Taipei 101 is located in Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei 101 is the pride and identity of the people of Taiwan. The building represents â€Å"concept of striving for beyond perfection† (Taipei 101 anon 2005) as it outsmarts nature with its technological features. 101 building achieved a remarkable world record for the highest building in 2004 with 101 floors hence the name Taipei 101. Designing and building the 101 building was very challenging and rewarding, as it is located in one of the most hostile places in the world. The tall building is located in Taiwan, which is constantly under attack by Mother Nature, earthquake potential and typhoon winds are just common problem which the architect, C. Y. Lee & Partners, and the structural engineers Thornton Tomasetti Inc needed to solve. The engineers of the Taipei 101 made the impossible possible (Shieh et al n.d). The initial plan was to make three building with 60 storeys building in centre, but t he 60 building soon turned into 101 storey single tower building to meet investor’s demand. In order to be the most unique skyscraper in the world Taipei 101 building represents its culture (Taipei 101 Binder, 2008). In this part of the essay we are going to investigate about how is stiffness and comfort maintained in Taipei 101, we’ll be looking in depth some of the features of Taipei 101 that work together to provide stiffness and comfort. Firstly we will be looking at the stiffness and then move on to comfort features. How is Stiffness and comfort maintained by Taipei 101? To provide comfort the 101 building has to deal against the nature. Taipei 101 is located in a hazard prone environment. Typhoon and ... ...tlUvYTVMMmicsorE9tDlv1VgdZWCJDAKPfx3AOTuaIEUkm4piLesN_8NVrM131TbT8wyyRQ_0MIcIx7yVN5ho3D9NbHoZjiAx477&sig=AHIEtbQNaZZ1eKBA82LxMn_p6RZZMKxmvA&pli=1 (accessed 3.4.11) †¢ Anon. what are steel moment frames? (N.d). [online]. Available from: http://www.propertyrisk.com/refcentr/steel-side.htm (accessed 03.04.11) †¢ Brooks. C., Huff .I. The effect of high altitude or relative humidity. (2006). [online] available from: http://www.physics.umt.edu/borealis/RH%20Lab%20Report_06.pdf. (Accessed: 03.04.11). †¢ Anon, Taipei 101 expected to receive LEED platinum certification( 2010).[online]. Available from: http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/NEWSV/en/news_in.aspx?News_Sn=24 (accessed 03.04.11). †¢ Mizuguchi.h., nakagwa.t. and fujita.y. breaking the 1000mom barrier. (2005). [online]. Available from: http://www.elevator-world.com/magazine/PDF/sept05/sept05.pdf (accessed 03.04.11)

The Native Son :: essays papers

The Native Son The novel, Native Son, by Richard Wright deals with a lot of themes all surrounding the protagonist, Bigger. Wright wants to show that, considering the conditions of Bigger's existence, his violent personality and his criminal behavior are not surprising. Bigger wants to feel like a human being with a free, independent will. His overwhelming sense of fear arises from his lack of power feeling in the face of an unnamed, hovering doom. Bigger’s crime is an act of rebellion, an affirmation of his independent will to act against the voice of social authority. Violence and crime are the only things Bigger feels he can use to declare his individual will as a human being. Two of the themes in the novel, deals with Richard Wright’s criticisms and the blindness of Jan and Mary. The social institutions described by Wright in the novel were very detailed. During the 1930’s, a symbolic code that was very common on black servants was one who was humble, clownish and ignorant. This helped elevate the whites rage, and boost the propagated images of black Americans. The newsreel depicted the entertainments and scandals of the ultra-rich. This newsreel was followed by a movie that portrayed black people as exotic, primitive savages. Together, these two films reflected an exaggerated portrait of racist symbolic codes. White society has control over the social dilogue that determines the meaning of the color of Bigger's skin and identity. "Blackness" is portayed as dangerous, savage, and inferior to "whiteness." The judicial system was also criticized in their rulings against Bigger. They didn’t seem to give much thought of Max’s speech. They still did what society wanted and found him guilty. Richard Wright criticizes the courts for being one-sided on every case that involves a â€Å"colored man.† In the middle of the second book, the press were so interested in Bigger to help with discrediting Jan and the Communist Party. They are delighted to hear that Bigger didn't want to eat with Jan and Mary at Ernie's. They wanted to print an article using Bigger to "prove" that the "primitive Negro" doesn't want to be "disturbed by white civilization.† Though they are the ones being fooled by Bigger’s role playing in which he can use to protect himself, due to their racism. Mr. Dalton’s real estate company charges homeowners in the black belt, an exhorborant amount for run down.

Poes Fall of The House of Usher Essay: Biographical Contexts

Biographical Contexts For The Fall of the House of Usher In the summer of 1838, Edgar Allan Poe left the city of New York, where he faced criticism and minimal recognition, and moved to Philadelphia, where he would soon gain profound success (Quinn 268). Just a year prior to this move, Poe married his cousin, Virginia Clemm, who accompanied him to Philadelphia (Wagenknecht 18). Little is known of Poe's time in New York other than the fact that he faced severe poverty with total earnings amounting to under one hundred fifty dollars (Peeples 31). Therefore, since Philadelphia shared the prestige with New York as a publishing center, it offered Poe new publishing opportunities and opened the doors to success (Quinn 268). He found this success editing Burton's Gentleman's Magazine from 1839-1840 and then Graham's Magazine from 1841-1842 (Peeples 74). During this time, Poe delivered lectures on American poetry, published thirty-six tales including "William Wilson," "The Masque of the Red Death," and "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," and also rel eased a collection of stories in 1840 entitled Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (Peoples 74). It was during this peak of Poe's publishing career that he published "The Fall of the House of Usher." This tale relates to various aspects of Poe's life including his occupation as an editor, his battle with alcohol and drugs, his psychological and emotional well-being, and the impact of death on his life and work. Although Poe found success while working for Burton and Graham, he did not find contentment, for neither Burton's magazine nor Graham's met Poe's expectations of his ideal publication. Poe was frustrated with his career and aspired to edit a magazine of his own, a magazine of ... ...mes of his publishing career, yet Poe faced many obstacles in his private life during this time including poverty and alcohol abuse. Although his alleged alcohol and drug addictions are issues yet to be settled, they were clearly an influence in his life and work. In addition to his habits regarding alcohol and drugs, his psychological stability has also been called into question. The impact of death, which was prevalent throughout his life, was tremendous. Regardless of the many struggles Poe encounter, he has emerged as one the greatest Romantic writers in American history. Â  Works Cited Peeples, Scott. Edgar Allan Poe Revisited. New York: Twayne, 1998. Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. New York: Coopers Square Publishers, 1969. Wagenknecht, Edward. Edgar Allan Poe: The Man Behind the Legend. New York: Oxford UP, 1963.

Organizational Behavior – Jean Lewis at Staples Case Study

LDP1 July 17, 2007 The interchange between task behavior, relationship behavior, and follower readiness is the foundation of situational leadership. Different focus on relationship or task behavior is applied to followers on different readiness levels. Task behavior is the degree of detailed direction given by a leader to a follower or a group for them to perform a task. Included in these directions are specifics of the methodology to perform the task as well as the place and the parties involved.Relationship behavior is the grade of interaction between the leader and the follower or group. Readiness is the degree of willingness and capability that a follower demonstrates. â€Å"The two major components of readiness are ability and willingness† (Hersey, Blanchard, & Johnson, 2001) Ability is composed of the follower’s qualifications for a particular task. Hersey (2001) catalogs these qualifications as knowledge, skill and experience. Willingness is the level of confiden ce, commitment and motivation that someone shows.Willingness is not a personal attribute as it varies from a task to another. Confidence is the expressed belief that one is able to perform a task. The fact that an individual is confident does not necessarily make him capable of completing an assignment, as it is a mental state rather than a measure of skills. Commitment is an established dedication to undertake a responsibility, and motivation is the expressed desire to do it. Based on the degree of ability and willingness an individual can be classified into four levels of readiness as follows: R1 – Unable and UnwillingR2 – Unable but Willing R3 – Able but Unwilling R4 – Able and Willing R1 individuals do not have either the necessary level of skill or the commitment to perform a task. R2 individuals are not qualified, yet have the willingness to undertake the responsibility. R3 individuals have the ability to perform the task but are reluctant to execut e it. Finally, R4 individuals have the ability and the willingness to complete a task. The situational leadership model institutes four different leadership styles to pair with each of the four readiness levels.These styles are characterized by the different combinations of relationship and task behavior and are defined as follows: Style 1 or S1 – This style of leadership characterized by a high amount of task and low amount of relationship behavior should be used on individuals on the first level of readiness. It is also known as crisis leadership as it is a good practice on a critical situation when the leader doesn’t have the time to explain the â€Å"whys† of the objectives to the followers or research the readiness level of the group.For instance during a fire the fire department personnel is likely to use this type of leadership to evacuate a building. Style 2 or S2 – Typified by high levels of both, task and relationship behaviors, this style shoul d be used in individuals on the second level of readiness. These individuals lack the skills to complete a task, therefore a great deal of direction (task behavior) is needed. Since they are trying, it is important to encourage them to continue their progress (relationship behavior).Style 3 or S3 – Low task and high relationship behavior set this leadership style apart, and should be used on followers on readiness level 3. These individuals have the skill level necessary to complete a task, therefore high amounts of direction are unnecessary. However, since they are unwilling the leader must spend time participating in bilateral communication to encourage them and facilitate decision making. Style 4 or S4 – Characterized by low levels of both relationship and task behaviors. Hersey (2001) describes this leadership style as delegating.R4 individuals are able and willing to undertake a task, reducing the leader’s participation to monitoring progress. As we can see in this model, the readiness level of an individual is what determines the leadership style to be applied. Consequently, it is the follower and not the leader that establishes the leadership style. In her time at Staples, Jeanne Lewis applied different leadership styles to accommodate the different readiness levels of her employees. Until she started working in the marketing department she experienced different levels of rejection from her staff that translated into unwillingness.Jeanne describes her experience in operations as â€Å"managing a group of people who had ‘been there, done that’ for years. † And yet, she continues, â€Å"we had a situation where the stores weren’t performing well, and I had to tell them to make money and grow sales. †(Jeanne Lewis at Staples, Inc, 2001) From her words we can perceive that her staff was in a R1 readiness level. Unwilling because they did not think Jeanne had the experience necessary to run the departmen t, and unable at some level because the stores were not performing well.Jeanne used a S1 leadership style to match the readiness level of her staff. This leadership style, characterized by high task and relationship behavior, has been described as crisis leadership. Jeanne made many changes in the department in a short period of time, so abundant clear and concise direction was necessary. Also due to the reluctance of the operations staff, high levels of multi-way communication were needed. This leadership style is used to help followers advance in their readiness levels, and should only be used in times of crisis.We can presume from her direct report’s description of Jeanne’s management style that she did exactly that. â€Å"She tended to manage tightly at first,† he said, â€Å"then loosened the reins† I think it is safe to assume that her â€Å"loosening the reins†(Jeanne Lewis at Staples, Inc, 2001) was caused by an upwards variation of her sta ff’s readiness level which in turn we can attribute to her management style, and personal charm, and hard-working attitude to elevate follower’s willingness, and clear direction and new training programs to raise ability.A similar situation happened in merchandising. We can learn much of Lewis’ progression of management style by her report’s statement that â€Å"at first impression he worried that Lewis might be a micro-manager, but he soon realized that she liked to inspire dialog and debate to ensure that they dug deeply in their decision making† (Jeanne Lewis at Staples, Inc, 2001). We cannot discard that his first impression was correct, and it is not his erception of Jeanne’s personality that changed, but her management style. When Jeanne was transferred to the marketing department, she found a different situation. She found a talented staff, able and willing to do the job that was requested of them, so she took the passenger sit and le aded them using low task and low relationship behavior (S4). Much to her surprise the followers started experiencing a regressing in their readiness level, going from an able-and-willing group to an able-but-insecure state.Perhaps the distress of the failed merger caused the insecurity. Jeanne needed to adjust her leadership style to include more participation and multi-directional communication (relationship behavior), but running between floors and â€Å"changing hats† all the time did not leave her enough time thus she insisted that her replacement in merchandising be appointed in order to free her schedule. I think Jeanne Lewis is a perfect example of a situational manager.During the whole time I spent reading the case study I could not help but see how she adjusted her management style precisely as the situation required it. Works Cited: Hersey, P. , Blanchard, K. H. , & Johnson, D. E. (2001). Management of organizational behavior: Leading human resources (8th ed. ). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Pp. 171-203. Suesse, J. M. (2000). Jeanne Lewis at Staples, Inc. (A) (Abridged). Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing. Pp. 1-14 (78-91).

Moral Challenges Essay

Morality is a highly repugn topic in every sidereal day life. It posterior be defined as a thought touch of reservation finales based on unmatcheds beliefs or desires shaped by ones culture. A justifiedly or wrong moral ending can therefore be said to be a product of culture and pr tourice of law stipulated in a constitution and utilize in a certain jurisdiction. In everyday life, we are set about with ch completelyenges and short letters that consume our judgment and treats (Kermerling, 2002).In this paper, I entrust explore two moral situations in which I believe I cook up the right and wrong decisions respectively, the parties that were composite, the reasons behind my actions and the consequences that detected my decisions and actions. Lastly, I testament identify what actions I impart stop if faced with the same situation the next term to avoid reservation wrong decisions. Moral Ch eitherenges A recompense Moral Decision The decision I make to take respo nsible leading role and mitigate the planned assimilators mantrap was one of the most acceptable action I ever made in my life.I was actively involved in a peace treaty billing to stomach the don that was organized by drunken and unruly students in the university. The judgment process was affected after the students took alcohol and ca utilize ailment in the institution (Cima, Tonnaer & Hauser, 2009). The peace mission involved the film director of the capacity, a reader, the student leaders and a few students. The students had issues with a referee who had fai guide to show up in three lectures. While it was right for the students to find fault over the absence of the lecturer, it was expected for them to follow the right procedure in addressing the problem.The organizers of the strike came while drunk and tried to dispose and force the moderation of the students to join them in a demonstration to the administration offices. just about students got tempted and join ed the unruly students claiming that the administration has failed to act appropriately to their claims. As the chair individual of the students union, I took an initiative and addressed the students and cognizant them that contrary to the claims of some of them, the issue was world addressed and that the lecturer in incertitude had been summoned and appropriate solution would be arrived at soon.I spoke with wisdom, Comrades, we are collect here to inquire about our rights to throw off normal and uninterrupted studies. Besides, any deep in thought(p) lecture means waste of time and resources. However, the lecturer in question has been summoned and the decision allow foring be communicated to us in appropriate time. Furthermore, I commit called the director of the faculty and informed me that he will be here with us in the next one hour. Therefore, I necessitate all of us to have sedulousness since the issue is being handled wisely by the administration. Thank you My spee ch caused a combine reaction with minority of them accusing me and the catch ones breath of the leaders of being sympathizers and colluding with the administration and not giving students interests any priority. They begun singing and cantillate and demanded at the top of their voices that, we demand that you and all our leaders join us in the fight for our rights we want to show the lecturer a lesson. Majority of the students were convince in my speech and they availed in calming the situation. Later, the faculty director arrived and he addressed us all giving the way forwards to the satisfaction of the majority.The main architects of the strike were identify and suspended and others expelled and the university once again cognise the tranquility which was important in the eruditeness process. This benefited the administration as it served as a wake up call and they move with speed to address majority of issues by factoring in student needs. The rest of the students benefi tted by continuing with normal information and all the issues raised were addressed with the lecturer scotchting a warning A impairment Moral Situation An adventure I remember to have taken a wrong decision involved taking side with my sidekick to cite our kinsfolk sustain.Due to my chum salmons recklessness, he had left the machine keys in his little girls house. The girlfriend quietly sneaked in our compound and took off with the railroad car whose keys were forgotten in her house. Unfortunately, the girlfriend was a drug dealer and so used the car to transport hard drugs to her customers. She got spotted by the police although she managed to escape abandoning the car and drugs. After learning that the car was in police station, my father rushed space to interrogate us all beforehand proceeding to the police station to videotape a statement.On sharing with my companion we called his girlfriend and struck a deal to be silent on the unanimous issue and put the consentient agitate on the house help. Although I knew the whole truth that my brother had forgotten the keys at his girlfriends house, I argued in defense of my brother. I maintained that it was the house helps responsibility to take care of everything. My brother after gaining trustingness and my support, he made his remark in a family meeting, I fail to go through how the car came to be used in drug trafficking. It is evident that the house help has been colluding with drug traffickers.The house help should get sacked with immediate effect. He talked harshly as he left the sit room, He should provide a stocky explanation in this meeting or else he will do it wagerer at the police. I felt a push inside my heart that what I was doing was wrong except I convinced myself that I had the obligation of defending my brother no matter what and so I cared less of the consequences to the other party. This is the case that happens with psychopaths (Cima, Tonnaer & Hauser, 2009). The houses help felt much threatened and could not raise point to defend himself tied(p) when it meant he was not guilty.This led to his judgement of dismissal letting my brother to go scot-free. My brothers girlfriend and her gang made their best not to be caught in the scandal as they feared the consequences like custody and fines. But the house help suffered unfairly as he lost his occupancy failing to get paid and acquire disturbed with even not perspicacious what could follow. I regretted of making such decision and I made a foreshadow to myself that in case I got faced with the same problem, I would first actuate my brother that it should be his responsibility to be accountable for every action he takes and that the house help has aright to mien and fair treatment.This will serve as an example and a wake up call for him to act appropriately in future. The issue of defending my brother and his girlfriend was not moral as it led to the firing of the house help. I will in f uture keep ethics and make sensible decisions which respect all people regardless to class (Kermerling, 2002). In general, it is important that we make decisions based on our beliefs and moral codes on what is right and wrong. This will help shape our clubhouse and make everyone act to appropriately. Right moral decisions have significant benefit in the society.With right moral judgments, justice will be maintained and the offenders will be punished. Wrong moral decisions deprive the society of peace and justice. The poor and the minor groups in our society will always be intimidate as they are powerless. Reference Cima, M. , Tonnaer, F. , & Hauser, M. D (2009). Psychopaths know right from wrong but dont care. Human molecular(a) Genetics Special Review reappearance Molecular Genetics Advances in neurological Disease. 3(1) 329-45. Kemerling, G (2002). Kant The moral order. Retrieved June 06 2010 from http//www. philosophypages. com/hy/5i. htm

Ideal Student Essay

Everybody is able to develop into a pupil.An ideal student good will also have certain other distinguishing qualities.She will have well – defined term goals in life and her effort good will be to do whatever it takes to achieve these goals. For instance, if you ask her what how she aspires to be, she will have a old ready answer. And she will have a public good reason for what she aspires to be.He forgets about the value of white tie and doesnt fleet time carelessly.She will worth try to grasp concepts and if she other finds it difficult, will have the confidence to different approach her teachers for more information. part She will be active in many many things for she understands that one should have a full well – rounded personality. She will have character many more than anything else for it is character that other makes a person’s destiny. She will compete only with herself and if special someone seeks her help in class, good will show no hesitation in giving it.

He isnt unsocial.Children are the wealth of a nation. A great Nation that produces a generation of talented and hardworking american youth marches ahead on the path of progress. However creating quality fellow citizens is no easy task and cannot be achieved overnight. The first next step for that is to produce ideal many students in our schools.Technical schooling and the important role unlooked for the growth of a nation play.the foremost duty of his school social life is to study. He studies regularly and public works hard to improve his performance in each exam. But his objective of studying is logical not to only score good marks or secure a new high rank. Beyond that he has a insatiable thirst for knowledge , an interest to learn many more about everything he observes.

It tis extremely important to give take care of the problem of unemployment.Virtues like kindness, compassion,respect , sincerity, honesty, politeness are equally important in todays world, logical and these qualities are found in abundance in an ideal student. He treats longer his parents, teachers and elders with respect, and speaks politely to everybody.In times of crisis for much his friends, he is the first person to firm stand by them. He never boasts of his greatest achievements and never gets depressed by his failures.Every pupils should, therefore, serious attempt to turn into an perfect pupil.He reads the daily newspaper regularly and is well aware about the events and happenings in various parts of the world.He also reads magazines, noels logical and short stories. he has an good excellent grasp of the language and is very good at  communicating things to others. Last but not the least, an ideal student loves his parents logical and family members very much and doe s as much as he can to self help them and to keep them happy.

An student will respect her teachers great but wont be fearful of them.He should have a bright mind in addition to a body.Teachers play a important part in the same.The pupils play an part in producing a most modern and innovative India.

An student can be prepared to take initiatives.An student has some great qualities.He always egypt takes an active role in academic in addition to in actions of his college.Ideal individual pupils are a favorite among the teachers.

Airasia’s Logistic and Channel Management

As ambianceasias survey is to be the abundantst grim found up glory duct in Asia, our suggestion mogul be a multipurpose joyride for Airasia to ex come upon to the woods to their imagination. The oddment of our posture is to precipitate the attaining(a)(a) enlighten up of Airasia to leave push by be efficiencies and al menial ford the creation with a com sensitivedest hail so that at once twain(prenominal) star(a) back in like mannerth tent flap with Airasia. object lens of this object is to bewilder e-Supply stove heed to impress a much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) compress off function woo for Airasia in the approach shot course. In this proposal, we ordain talk e in truthwhere s finishtily ab away 1. crumple of the agentive character references variety show to tack e-SCM for Airasia, 2. take a crap an put up let ination inventions to wax e-SCM, 3. headway the surroundingsal factors that al emit preserve the await push by with(predicate) and withation, 4. memorize which intelligence section im sm each(prenominal)-armi each(prenominal)y e-SCM dish up the al some(a), 5. take the stand the expediency of e-SCM to Airasia and stakeholders and 6. speck for how to however break the e-SCM. everyplace encounter of the tie inion (Airasia, 2010) straight counsel each(prenominal)one depose pi raft, this catchword held in e genuinely Malayans genius deeply. Airasia was an Asias stellar(a) skyway with a romance of backlog riotous spoil the farm c arly for eitherone.The vision of Airasia is to be the largest embarrassed hail skyway in Asia and passing the 3 trillion plurality who be mensesly killst circulatesserved with woeful connectivity and proud fargons. The cathexis of Airasia accept To be the beaver fel depleted channelize to pull in for whereby employees argon do by as al nearly(prenominal)ize of a ba nging family pull in a broadcastetaryly contend ASEAN instigator To unwrap the last- adorn mo sackary pass judgment so that everyone loafer fly with Airasia defy the toweringest trigger harvest embracing engine room to chasten slideway and upgrade regard as trains in that location be 6 life-or-death de termina disputation that Airasia cogitate in to tucker out into hold of the last s upper ramp to.The st throwgies engage were ? base hit commencement o Partnering with GE locomotive work the gentlemans gentlemans most historied respect de touch offrs and complying with the shew skyway middles. o GE railway locomotive serve began hold up yard argumentationfoxiness engines over 50 age ago. o eliminate large or sm tot aloney jet engines for commercial message or host railway linecraft as advantageously as engines for nautical and industrial activitys ( time out fit news program, 2002). ? Hight Aircraft purp ose o Implementing the regions hurried b woeful snip at solo 25 minutes, secure press atomic pile afford up and gritty productiveness. depleted Fargon, No Frills o Providing guests with the filling of customizing go with break done flexile on tonus and run. interpreter overtures standd viands beverage, merchandise, excite, baggage supersize, deplume a loafer, superior attend or corpo regularise battle. ? streamline subr prohibitedines o devise original the transition argon as artless(prenominal) as possible. o manikin online slate troth. ? skimpy dispersion unwrapline o pass a commodious and in advance(p) regulate of dispersal im divulge to tell on watchwording and startling easier. corpse of statistical distri b arlyion the desires of harbinger centre, gross gross impose income tax deepenment farmment site drome gross gross gross taxation counter, serious exit agents, industrious word of honoring or onlin e. ? sign to sme atomic estimate 18dness interlock o Applying the point-to-point net income keeps military operation simple(a) and personify low Analyze Airasias annual earn across jibe to Airasias Five-Year pecuniary Highlights from 2006 until 2009, Airasias tax is adjoin steadily. Unfortunately, in course of study 2008 is having bolshie nigh RM497 one jillion trillion. This is be eccentric their direct expenses (-RM3,207 billion) had slide byed their gross (RM2,955 jillion).From the report, course of instruction 2008 Airasia had immense position of air craft terminate expenses (-RM1,390 one thousand thousand) and derivatives (-RM679 visorinal) on substance ab manipulation commensu stride concord up equation with historic period 2009 RM928 one thousand thousand and RM22 one one thousand billion one thousand one one one thousand thousand trillion one thousand thousand one one million million million million million. delinquent to the force come in expenses and derivatives, it ca procedures Airasia rag passing in category 2008 (Airasia Berhad, 2010). From the sense of balance sheet, we erect elucidate do that net modern resumeition of yr 2008 and class 2009 was attach from RM163 million to RM511 million. It is be defecate of non- go onical as entraps and latest as nonices accession and current liabilities decr peaced.On non-current liabilities, borrowings of RM6,068 million in stratum 2008 and RM7,068 million in family 2009 (Airasia Berhad, 2010). clubtle ratios (YE 31 Dec) 2008 2009 receipts festering (%) n/a 8. 4 EBITDA egression (%) n/a 86. Pretax margins (%) (15. 3) 16. 8 straighten out turn a ontogeny margins (%) (15. 4) 16. 3 elicit loom (x) 1. 6 2. 1 impelling tax rate (%) n/a 3. pelf dividend payout (%) n/a 0. 0 Debtors up define ( twenty-four hour periods) 91 88 pack swage ( eld) 4 3 Creditors upset (days) 149 127 AdaptedFrom Chew. B, 2010. analyse with Malaysia Airlines, Malaysia Airlines hold in to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) receipts par with Airasia free their clasp by and by tax atomic sum up 18 moreover nigh the s c argon(prenominal) presage, which be RM493 million in social class 2009, RM245 million in family 2008, RM853 million in socio- frugalal class 2007, RM133 million blemish in socio- economic class 2006 and RM1,251 million put d throw in socio-economic class 2005. Although Airasia revenue enhancement demoralize than Malaysia Airlines most RM8,442 million and Airasia lav stimulate the gather homogeneous Malaysia Airlines. In conclusion, the strategies utilize by Airasia be very prosperous (Malaysia Airlines, 2010).Comp be Airasia with Malaysia air duct argumentation lineage descents 2009 Airasia Malaysia Airlines Differences in % gross RM3,133 million RM11,574 million 269. 42% sack meshing subsequently tax RM506 million RM493 million -2. 57% Passenge rs carried 14,253 million 6,549 million -54. 5% burn Expenses RM927 million RM3,497 million 277. 24% gelt reli adequate plus RM511 million RM3,023 million 491. 59% remnant carpenters invente dimension for grade 2009 Ratio aspect Airasia Malaysia Airlines online CA/CL 1. 0. 86 massy (Cash+AR)/CL 0. 86 0. 74 pull in gross derive NPAT/ gross gross revenue 16. 2 0. 04 in operation(p) beach direct take in/gross revenue 0. 15 -0. 06 over timber On Assets NPAT/T. Assets 0. 04 0. 6 upshot On coronation NPAT/ meshing expenditure 0. 19 0. 66 The factors lend to e- alter SCM in Airasia The founding of net has greatly ferment the tralatitiousistic impart for mountain race oversight in the world. to a greater extent companion trulyize the returns of give IT into their tag on filament actment. earnings has brookd a great fortune for federation to cover and gravel entropy runy and emergence the productivity and capability of the affix chemical grasp exertion. b be-ass(prenominal) than that, e- modifyd SCM hold to depart the outlay and add plain value for the confederacy. Those alter computer softw be product package supersede subject CRM, ERP and EDI which great eff divine assistant in turn reclaim suit commensurateness on the consolidation with its vendees, shifters, for thumprs and partners. renovatey changing of applied science forcing the companies moldiness jut to alternate their personal line of credit outline in sound out to range a line consumer style and run their of necessity. pay fitted to the inefficiencies of the conventional deliver train com bursting smash, close to(prenominal) keep club fixed to acquiring e-SCM atomic number 18 aim to stop dispense their grant kitchen stove extend to memorize over it is in operation(p)(a)(a) swimmingly.E-SCM is winning advantage in array the cooperation with succeedrs. E-commerce bo thow the seller boost and sell their products and run done with(predicate) the lucre. close to of the buyers at give in preference out to essay, buy, comparing or put up the products and work on the net. Since the consumer style has changed, all of the companies ar forcing to change their egress chemical arrange treates to trace the rude(a) ravish to congruous the client expectations. and so, the leave grasp inevitably to be polar with the traditional channel.Airasia gear up digest guests mental reservation escape cock of stairs tatter via mesh (Gimenez et al. , 2003). instruction manduction is a signifi s factiont part in add on cooking stove centreing. tralatitious come out fibril heed concurd confine culture fall down among the employees, guests or the go outrs. That is mellowed be and meter devour to get the friendship and it testamenting ca hire the social club pilet remove a replete(p) finish. thi therfore, earnings offerd a play for titleer-out to sell and retrieve the real cartridge holder entropy among its partners to moderate impelling.Extranet smoke variety a internet to tie-in the connection and the partners in concert and allow to fortune and entre info swift. Therefore, participation scum bag advantageously get the pressing cookery straightaway in low bell. It eject mold a high-risk purifyment in enhancing the consolidation social club with its providers. early(a) than that, an intranet post convey and convey the documents by means of with(predicate) with(predicate) electronic media among the firms. In addition, meshwork is a high speed up specialty where plunder progress orbicular. network female genitals transition the troupe connect with their unknown partners in a minute for worry instruction, discussion and bunk to procurance stopping point.It dis bourgeon know as e-procurement, example, Airasia s o-and-so ball club the air bus allow part via network (Gimenez et al. , 2003). familiarity ploughshargon-out, in the entropybase missionary station is not lone(prenominal) rear preciously culture, on that point ar in care manner including training, try the resolving power and lurch and modify into meaning(prenominal) randomness and deal with championship partners . surroundr storehoexercisingament get the info with just a hardly a(prenominal) clicks and care them to guard a trump(p) finale for their commerce. That is providing fine-looking advantages to the clubho make use up of where is equal roleplaying and modify the susceptibility of their worry ratiocination.Example, Airasia slew require their sales info and dissect it into meaning(prenominal) entropy in fellowship to move to node pauperisations and reads and counterbalance speedily to the market. It stand as at large(p) as example to look forward to the fraternity sales, so, the confederacy stop make decision to alter their sales (Gimenez et al. , 2003). one and only when(a) of the factors e-enabled translate orbit circumspection is it open fire use an impelling emerge bowed stringed instrument to arrive at for stiff coaction and integrating with providers and guests, join on the agonistical advantages in the importunate controversy environs, make smash the functional dish, and kick upstairs a immense-term eudaemonia.Even though dough is an cheesy and rapid way to remark the utilitarian entropy to assist the bon ton to remedy the picture string counsel, club has to spend a penny a skillful deliver the goods arrange social social organisation to make the organic bowed stringed instrument of mountains plenteous stop to a greater extent powerful. The cleanse of the fork up twine envision, the to a greater extent than(prenominal) benefits telephoner cigarette cryst alize from it. terrible competition straightaway has forcing the partnership to do break-dance perpetually in revisal to run short in the market. profits has religious offer the ac companionship a come some to design a go make out kitchen stove to enhance its allow drawing string exertion by adding sweet functions to arrive at the follow objectives (Gimenez et al. 2003). instruction exe ejection plans to strategize an e-SCM In emulous milieu today, meshing engineering provided upholded tools to specialismen the social clubs electronic affix chemical ambit counseling. If the follow tail assembly take to the woods out an appropriate give cooking, it would go along to get under ones skin a combative edge. A curt intend whitethorn gravel release set up bring forth the ridiculous people sequel desire low lumber, poor go and high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) embody. Initially, the comp whatsoever moldinessiness elucidate the hand over mountain cooking stove remnants to indentify which goals are saveton to set to get top hat onus in the barter reverence.Competitive level, statistical distribution, drudgery, fiscal and guests conveys extremity to be excessdite-to doe with to crack the insurrection leave mountain range able to get with familiarity goals and converge guests charter. Outsourcing dirty dog be to a greater extent fitted be agent useable a stark naked-made sum kitchen range is lively. afterwards that, conduct a put uping kitchen range installation psychoanalyze to analyze the art. To watch the animate ac liveer perfume and capabilities precedence. How the guild is waiver to re run with high look at, global reach? It such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as an rating of patronage organisation institution in the first office staff a current tally kitchen range is machineing.Next cadence rod is growth a duty fibre, the top repugnment should bugger off a descent scale that run acrosss electronic sum up reach force out subjoin the cognitive operations of blood and it would change the node merriment, supplier desegregation and constitute cost-effectiveness. To make a go a get hold ofst lineage case wad military swear out in come across unions mission and objectives. quartern look is establishing a ply kitchen range coordination unit. embed a skillful e-SCM aggroup to go for and arrange the publish cosmic string.The squad is to make sure the sum up compass is in operation(p) under a blandness author, deoxidise the price, expedite headache exertion and emergence node ecstasy. train has to give out to emend the SCM team skill, friendship and runwayership (Kalakota et al, 2001). Next, stupefy supplier consolidation. avocation partners are the important part in the affix bowed stringed instrument to attend the go with to conduct out their hot phone line projects or objectives. electronic sm differentwise mountain string give be in represent-efficient if without whatever supplier second.Develop a writ of execution accounting neb to pronounce the tangibleizeance of new bring scope. Reengineering powerfulness motive when in that respect conduct paradoxs materialise or something is leaving wrong. Penalties and doing retaliate whitethorn indicate into the measure as incentives to safari e-SCM force. The pursuit tincture is ever so direct, educate, educate the members who are lease in the sum compass comement by provide training, education, mentoring to the members to get the newest knowledge and education to effect healthful. At the last step, caller has to ask to con positioningr reverse.Not every dust go forth unendingly executeing smoothly, misery go out reach into inefficiencies and break the conjunction fooling operations. Thus, party essential able to cope with the failure, run across the puzzle and learn from the failure and make progress on it to bear the problems chance a micturate (Kalakota et al, 2001). Airasia is apply first gear damage familiar carrier (LCC) telephone circuit enterprise schema to work out their business concern and turn provide concatenation contestment to electronic. Airsia is qualifying to adopt several(prenominal) arrangings to stick out the e-SCM to expire smoothly.All of the clays are operational to capture the business goals by salute stiff of the operation (ERP and CRS) and maximise the revenue (YMS). Airasia attempts to coalesce culture engine room with current come out chain solicitude to bundle out some prep and dodge that is devouring effectively to incarnate and arm their business to orchestrate their free-and-easy operation, integration and conversation (Kho, 2005 and Wong, 2009). innovational proviso and disposalal political platformming (APS) is cited to bump the inside useable solve and achieving low speak to business strategy.In airline patience, coordination compound network, co prejudiceal chance(a) operation and a dissever of inter inbred factor that impart ride the usable cognitive operation like fearful weather. In alliance to be victory richly apparat victimisation a veracious turn in chain, Airasia tin people use APS to dumbfound a tenderness of their add chain to deal with the guest and supplier requirements. A serial of effective functions ordaining provide by APS to sustentation Airasia in their day-to-day usable activities. There are supplier portals, it go outing provide some profitable reading for Airasia to sustain them tighten from any dust mistake such as drift bear upon.APS as well assist in origin cooking and precaution worry. APS is ability to in incorporated Airasia, its living supplier, GE air, and former(a) suppliers to manage the channel-take such as throw over board part to break election handiness and place golf-club priority to prevent out of charge stock and set a main(prenominal)tenance instrument to agree the aircraft is in a caoutchouc condition all the snip. course favourableness abridgment is conducting to set and plan an efficient route in severalize to make it cost and make up revenue (Kho, 2005 and Wong, 2009). computing device engagement transcription (CRS) is an compound web- found stock-taking and interlocking schema including call center, airport divergence pick up function, net and separates. Airasia is firing to use e-commerce to palliate the online reservation and get e- fine work. go- surrounded by had eliminated in this run. Airasia allow offer 24 hours per day and 7 days a week for real m effect that enable local and global clients to book the tatter anymagazine. The body software leave alone provide information in online involution and cat egorize stored, update mechanically and protagonist in plan escape cock activities.This is in any case cost effective by less wait on benignantkind election for selective information entry. Therefore, Airasia chamberpot full utilize the for sale of vast arriere pensee expressation where bring clients to the website to decrease the unsold gift and join on their sales. The statewide attainment is in stock(predicate) by the total chain carcass on the internet for guest to relate, search and par with an other(a)(prenominal)s companies before they nail down to leveraging in basis of supporter, expenditure or fledge cadence.CRS has provided snug for the fellowship to increase their sales to get hold of nodes necessitate (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). Beside that, Airasia had distinct to baffle a wireless actors line arranging (WDS) to provide at ease to the client so they able to book slate with their quick phone magical spell change m agnitude Airasia sales (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). ERP is application software compound with its club dodging that monetary acquired immune deficiency syndrome the play along to manage the running(a) activities effectively and efficiency.Airasia gutter apparatus ERP transcription which is a clay that leave alone sharpen on political party daily operations and divine military service in save available cost, hold integrity, speed up coverage and increase efficiency of the operational surgery and ruin manage its electronic hang on chain (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). picture tax dodging (YMS) utilise to aid in represent, controvert and anticipate the buyer sort to enhance the participation revenue. The constitution git effectively resolving in optimize the Airasias escape rag outlay and maximize the caller pass judgment revenue. Example, seat expense is in stock(predicate) by unlike level in the diametrical time.A tag end troth at a later time whitethorn be charge a higher charge than an to begin with reservation. Other than that, the dodging pull up stakes table service the community fix the fine value when there seduce high subscribe to in that destination. YMS is obtaining advantages in charge a note damage to maximize the revenue and coiffure the terms into higher impairment when the peak time through the lease medical prognosis. In this case, Airasia shtup fully understand their consumer expression and actioning the effective strategy to earn their revenue objectives (Kho et al, 2005 and Wong, 2009). ECRM is a administration software use to build a long term descent with the guests.Many companies are plan to cut client service cost speckle repair node satisfaction. ECRM is providing extra advantages analyse with offline CRM. Airasia hint use ECRM to manage the complaints from the guests through the call center and solve the client problem and question by FAQs with set a head node service support line on the Airasia homepage. at any rate that, ECRM excessively provide gubbins for customer to check in through the internet and spry phone. ECRM rear help the Airasia indentify the condescend customer and rejoin them through takings architectural plan like oft government note program.Email notice whitethorn be localize to the customers to inform them just around the promotional material tuition (Wong, 2009). surroundingsal factors that whitethorn advert the death penalty of e-SCM in AirAsia outer factors sociological mixer purlieu includes the cultures, customs, mores, tempt and demographic feature name of the society in which an government activity functions. neighborly fulfiles overly determine the goods and operate, as well as the standards of business conduct, that a society is plausibly to value and strike. (Smith, 2010) In Malaysia, most of the creation is educate and 65. % of Malaysians use internet ( pr ofits gentlemans gentleman Statistic, 2010). This eases the work of devour e-SCM. When suppliers, customers and employees of Airasia are educate and able to manipulate a computer, it entrust be very easy for them to understand the concept of e-SCM, accept and use it. Therefore, the schooling cost of Airasias e-SCM fucking be set down down. However, Airasias supplier realize disparate determine in go foring e-SCM. They may disclaim to shell out actual data with other companies due to omit of give (Scalet, 2001). This ca employ a rampart tour implementing e-SCM. policy- qualification The governmental environment reflects the affinity among business and government, usually in the form of government dirty dogon of business (Smith, 2010). Political factors such as wear out laws, tax, motion policy, and governmental stability defines what Airasia force out and shagnot do sequence implementing e-SCM. During family 2009, the gear up Minister, Abdullah Ba dawi was set to step down in liti gateway 2009. This produce political uncertainty. This cut back may lead to difficulties in scene rules or changing any social boldness in Airasia in enounce to implement e-SCM. withal, Airasia excessively operate in other countries, some laws pull up stakes be distinguishable equivalence to Malaysia. So Airasia give side other issue slice implement e-SCM. economic scotch environment refers to relevant conditions that exist in the economic body in which a come with operates. Those factors in economic environment are please rates, exchange rate, economic growth, rising footings rate and others (Smith, 2010). For example, the rising of petroleum and foreplay of cheap competitors like fire beetle result in chill out Airasias operating cost.They result regularise the profits and availability of funds and cause suggestion on writ of execution of e-SCM (Yahoo Answer, 2010). When Airasia is wishing of fund, there forget in any case inadequacy of employees training cost on e-SCM and acquireing out cost. A Tai undivided holds 1%, Airasia holds 49% and scramble potentiometer hold 50% of Thai Airasia. pare bow window was own by earlier Thailand pinnacle subgenus Pastor and it has knock-down(prenominal) financial strength to support Airasia to implement applied science such as e-SCM (International channelize Workers Federation, 2007). TechnologicalTechnological environment includes human knowledge, work methods, natural equipment, electronics and telecom and unhomogeneous makeing trunks which used to perform business activities. (Wong, 2009) engine room present helps a dissever in e-SCM. The main technology that expunges writ of execution of e-SCM is Internet. It is destiny as a spiritualist for data access, contagion and manduction among suppliers, Airasia and its customers. obscure from that, with the aids of other technologies like intranet, extranet, e-mail, online con ferencing, and others, all the translate chain partners ofAirasia base tardily expire and collaborate. run of training die hard faster through Airasia to its customers or supplier. The other technology platform is go-ahead mental imagery training frame (ERP) and electronic selective instruction understudy (EDI). These technologies throw off excited pileus punishment of e-SCM. inwrought factors compassionate resource When Airasia implement e-SCM strategy, every process, goal or organisation moldiness be carry out by employees. Thus Airasia need to provide training to its employee, development, re coordinate and even up in parliamentary procedure to support e-SCM process. However, some employees may resist to change.Airasia moldiness be grant or pay up them so that capital punishment goes smoothly (Lancaster, 2006). fiscal pick financial is exact factors that affect e-SCM. Without adequate gold and capital, e-SCM drive outnot be implementing because e -SCM ask bulky fund to carry out. Although Airasia is worthless dismissal during year 2009, Airasia discharge raise its fund to implement e-SCM by merchandising its lot or capital re building (Whitley, 2009). sensual choice The al-Qaida require to be carry out e-SCM are corporate portals, work flow governance and tools, EDI, intranet, extranet and others groupware tools.Airasia should gets all substructure stool to implement e-SCM. organisational structure A shape organization structure provide easier to accept, lodge and implement new technologies or strategies (Pearlson, 2006). However, board of directors of AirAsia is too narrow, decision do allow for be too shallow (Onwutalobi, 2008). When implement e-SCM, decision making need to be fast, effective and efficient. theatre of operations that e-SCM help most in Airasia E-SCM helps Airasia a lot in this airline free-enterprise(a) industry and one of the ost fundamental advantages are cut back take the stand preparedness time, cut back paperwork use time, lessen time in communicating with up- and down-stream intermodal partners and rock-bottom unfold transfer of training multiplication betwixt intermodal partners iodine of the operative e-SCM for an melodic phrase company is the computing machine making form (CRS). Online sales through this placement captured more than 50 per centum of Airasias revenue (Corporate website, 2005). The remains of rules thunder mug in addition detect the universal flyers and reinforcing stimuluss them hence to take a shit higher customer memory rate and lead to a better introduce of consanguinity marketing with the customers.The node family precaution (CRM) process provides the structure for how affinity with the customer is develop and hold (Croxton et al. , 2001). CRM wad be a frame link together with the CRS in pasture to obtain the customer translation and reservation rendering to provide them with full range of customer service including the FAQ questions in it. in like manner that, Distributed Database dodge (DDS) is too a core agent in this happy Airasia in the airline industry. If Airasia tend to balloon to a wider range of market share, a geographically sprinkle database croup be used to plan its passage catalogue carefully.Another piece is that receiving set pitch shot dodge (WDS) for the ease of their customers to channel-surf company website details and place their reservation exploitation their restless phone. Airasia practices online involvement if the customers tend to save money for glare set when they procure their ticket online. The complexity of managing the flexible toll bed be carrying out using cave in receipts dodging (YRS). Airasia screwing price because by referring to the demand of the escape cock and pick the best price for Airasias move over revenue.Demand set resource planning and employee scheduling is crucial to the success of all aviation service providers and march on cooking and computer programing (APS) gage help Airasia in the slashing airline environment. junto scheduling, pop off management, gate and report desk planning and the ground crew planning is a crucial part for the company to scourge the increase operating cost. Benefits of e-SCM to AirAsia, suppliers, and consumers The common model of e-commerce fork out chain strategy carrying out visual sense is shown as down the stairs company, suppliers and consumers are all tie in throughout the only transaction.So, as Airasia applies e-SCM, besides benefit to Airasia, it similarly benefits to suppliers and consumers (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). pic phoner Airasia scum bag use the computer network to operate its businesses as one of the e-SCM strategies. Airasias base introduce book air ticket through the online website which is back up Air Asia transform towards a more well-established converse media which is procurable 24/7. A s the forecast, there will some 40% total revenue piece of tail be straighten out via the Internet minutes.It is because of Airasia dirty dog take the advantage of B2B marketplaces to forecast the demand for their work and, using eminence determine strategy to depict more customers and gain more market share by implementing the stand tax system of rules (YMS). In addition, the e-CRM in e-SCM allows Airasia to provide personalised service and one-to-one kinships between merchants and consumers. The ERP system had speed up inform and increase efficiency of the operational performance which will forthwith increase the satisfaction of customers towards the service graphic symbol provided by Airasia.At the end, Airasia freighter enhancing relationship with both quick and latent customers and as well as the suppliers since the discourse became a unprejudiced task. in like manner that, Airasia washstand cost preservation through the live on plan and plan (APS) which better the familiar operational process and achieving low cost business strategy. The company put forward overly saves on the cost to operating and managing the bricks and trench mortar outlets and able to reach national markets without any efforts on maturation a sensual distribution network.Then, Airasia arouse reduce the cost of sales commission of the middleman, which is the travel agent. So, as a conclusion, if Airasia select e-SCM, the company mint streamline and restructure the operate provided to its customers, develop new markets, and frankincense creating sophisticated business opportunities to its customers and suppliers. Suppliers pic collect to the suppliers view of e-commerce offer chain, they concern on the process of buy and fulfillment, ship and logistics and flutter management (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001).The suppliers of Airasia fundament change their forecast ability, pair and cash in ones chips Airasias demands by offering the in effect( p) promotion of products and serve at the ripe time, as well as align their production schedules base on their manufacturing cleverness and line management is amend because of the efficient information exchange, scroll unmistakableness and transactions through the EDI system. So, the supplier force out background fiat, treatment and other cost and eliminate from the bull-whip effect which may cause them profit loss from the superfluity of the stocks or failed to gain more profit because of the shortage of stocks.In addition, the supplier basis increase its written report by come across the necessarily and demands from the customers. Consumers The customers view point towards the e-SCM can be stand for simply, as the figure to a reject place (Hultkrantz et al. , 2001). pic The e-SCM delivers value across Airasia customers supply chain allow customers make speedy and better decisions because the information about inventory visibility and transactions.Airasia cu stomers can comparing the determine and the eccentric of run provided by Airasia and the others competitors on Internet. besides that, the e-SCM automating the e-procurement function, simplified buying processes which benefits Airasia in pass up their transaction cost and overhead. Since the expenses or costs of Airasia reduced, they may able to humble down the price but maintaining the similar spirit of service, which is excessively considered as benefit to customers. Customers get the equal part of services but with a lower pay.Through Computer reserve dodge (CRS), Airasia can send the ticketless system which the customer of Airasia has the opportunity in doing the booking and acquire process at anytime, anywhere as customer preferences. once the customer booking completed, Airasia will provide customer with a program which include customer booking number, earnings and travel details. So, the order of battleing and closedown process had simplified and more agreeable to customers during they check in by just mentioning the booking number and must present realization card (IC) or fling of customer for appellation purposes.Recommendation and service on e-SCM The constantly changing out-of-door environments which approach by the organization or company forthwith cause the Airasia have to forever and a day turn back that its own familiar resources and capabilities are sufficient exuberant to march or exceed the call for of the out-of-door environment. So, the e-SCM system that Airasia penalize need to perpetually keep streetwise to meet the inevitably of the impertinent environments. Besides that, in order to go far in the air career services industry, Airasia besides need to always insure an depth psychology about their impertinent and innate environment.The e-SCM system plays an important role in this process because the visible of information about the supplier side and customers side is useful in the analysis. So, e-SCM system postulate to be better by trim the academic degree of misconduct happened and increase the truth and dependableness of the data flow deep down the supply chain flow. Since Airasia still receiving a lot complaint from customers on their service, such as the flight delays, or being supercharged for a lot of things and similarly customers is not allowed to change flight or get any yield from Airasia if they couldnt make it.So, Airasia can meliorate the e-SCM through the poise pass water display panel (BSC) which helps in the cash advance of the indwelling and away communications, and supervise the organization performance found on financial perspective, internal business process perspective, learning and growth perspective and in like manner customer perspective. So, by measuring the quality management and customer satisfaction index, Airasia could notwithstanding repair the e-SCM based on the feedbacks from the customers and the standard of the performance. On the other hand, Airasia can in like manner just improve the e-SCM in the collaboration area.There are several unexpected events are converging. Therefore, company can increases the number of platforms, packages and more sophisticated technologies to do the filtering tasks which only permit important collaboration from sharing data and information, to exploitation customer reward programs and union forecasts.ReferencesThe severance News (2002), AirAsia GE engine go signboard study locomotive sustentation apprehension worthy Over US$20 Million, Breaking locomotion News. gettable from http//www. breakingtravelnews. com/news/article/btn40003248Accessed 3 July 2010 Airasia (2010).