WNBA Salary Claim :: Technical Writing

Consideration: MR Salary Man TO: WNBA Salary Board FROM: Mamma Thomas Pro athletics Representation Agent SUBJECT: Rookie Salary Negotiations Dear Sir, I am writing to talk about the subtleties of Latoya’s Thomas’ contract in which my customer differs upon. For section into the 2001/2002 Women’s National Basketball Association, alluded to from here as the WNBA, player draft. Latoya is a 6’1 all around player and is exceptionally flexible my customer is presently playing for the WNBA and has considered coming to America to play for your group the WNBA In investigating the base necessities I saw that a couple of things rose to my consideration. Specifically supports permitted, contract length, sponsorships, work out dates, travel conditions, and compensation increases. I will endeavor to address the entirety of my reservations and offer proposals to cure these necessities and leave space for arrangement between your exchange group and myself. On the off chance that you can not meet these prerequisites, at that point my customer won't be permitted to enter your WNBA draft 2001/2002. Initially, let me rapidly layout Latoya’s broad playing history and this will show the degree of play that Latoya can offer to your class. Beginning at 11 years of age in the seventh grade Latoya played for Dent Middle School. In the eigth grade she additionally played for Richland Northeast High School on the Junior Varsity and Varsity groups. In proceeding with her vocation she made the Varsity group her Freshmen year and contiuned to play every one of the four years. As a green beans she arrived at the midpoint of 15 focuses per game and was named Freshmen of the year. As a Sophmore she arrived at the midpoint of 18 focuses and 11 bounce back. As a Junior, Latoya arrived at the midpoint of 22 focuses, 12 bounce back and 6 help. She additionally lead the group and the country in scoring. She lead the group to a Conference title and a State Championship. As a Senior she was #1 player in the country, arrived at the midpoint of a triple twofold with 31 focuses, 14 bounce back a nd 10 help. For the second back to back year in history she lead group to a state title and lead the country in scoring. Every one of the four years in High school she was chosen to be on the all-state group, all-locale group, and all-gathering group. During the summers of her High School years she would keep rehearsing and playing for an AAU group. To play for an AAU group you should be chosen by the provincial council of which you have a place with as a player.

The legal response to domestic violence The WritePass Journal

The legitimate reaction to abusive behavior at home Unique The legitimate reaction to abusive behavior at home AbstractChapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: Definition of ‘domestic abuse’ and a background marked by the police response.2.1 Definition2.2 Police Response to Domestic Violence Pre-19802.3 Police Response to Domestic Violence Post-1980Chapter 3: FeminismChapter 4: Legislation4.1 Criminal Law4.2 Civil LawChapter 5: Rates of announcing and non-reportingChapter 6: MethodologyChapter 7: DiscussionChapter 8: ConclusionReferencesRelated Dynamic This exposition looks at the legitimate reaction to aggressive behavior at home, which, throughout the years has been dependent upon a wide range of wording running from ‘wife battering’ (Pizzey, 1974; Walker, 1979) to ‘intimate accomplice violence’. Giving specific consideration to the police, up until the mid 1980’s a few scientists depicted their general reaction and demeanor towards occurrences of abusive behavior at home as being ‘dismissive and derogatory’ (Bourlet, 1990; Dobash and Dobash, 1980; Hanmer and Saunders, 1984; Edwards, 1989) and that, as indicated by David Cheal (1991), the police see the family to be a private circle to which ‘access to it by the state ought to be limited’. Notwithstanding, from the mid-1980’s it was perceived that there was a requirement for change in the police reaction, however the lawful reaction all in all and the Home Office started distributing papers on how abusive behavior at home episodes ought to be handled by the criminal equity framework. In addition to the fact that this raised familiarity with the issue it empowered various associations, both legal and willful, to cooperate which was a piece of the Home Office’s between organization activity in 1995. All the more as of late, there have been various resolutions set up that can additionally help the police in their reaction to aggressive behavior at home and all the more significantly they empower them to treat occurrences inside the family between life partners as they would episodes that occur in the city between outsiders. Part 1: Introduction Abusive behavior at home has for some time been an issue among society, yet until the 1980’s the offices liable for securing survivors of wrongdoing gave almost no consideration to the issue itself, specifically the police demonstrated hesitance to examine and indict as they accepted that ‘the family is a private circle so access to it by the state ought to be limited’ (Cheal, 1991). In any case, it is wrong to feel that abusive behavior at home is not, at this point an issue in the public eye today and as indicated by the 2009/10 British Crime Survey (BCS) seven percent of females contrasted with four percent of guys matured somewhere in the range of 16 and 59 are at present casualties of aggressive behavior at home (Flatley et al., 2010). Insights additionally show that among July and September 2009 there was a five percent expansion in sexual offenses which is in contrast with a similar time of the earlier year (Home Office, 2009). As indicated by Walby and Allen, (2004) the British Crime Survey (BCS) assessed that an amazing 12.9 million aggressive behavior at home episodes against ladies and 2.5 million occurrences against men occurred in England and Wales in 2003 with 45 percent of ladies and 26 percent of men encountering at any rate one episode of relational viciousness in the course of their life. From this, it is in this manner sketchy whether aggressive behavior at home is viewed as being either lawfully or socially adequate, the same number of scientists have found, from their exploration, that the criminal equity framework give off an impression of being ‘covertly tolerant’ (Berk et al., 1980) of the issue when actually the offenses carried out in fierce connections are indistinguishable to that of an offense against the individual. Because of this affirmed blasã © approach by the police to occurrences of aggressive behavior at home, Smith (1989) found that survivors of abusive behavior at home just reached the crisis benefits if all else fails and on normal endure 35 assaults before making the indispensable call to the police (Jaffe, 1982) which in actuality conflicts with what the police as an organization represent, that is, they are a crisis administration and should act immediately and offer a compelling assistance and not leave casualties of abusive behavior at home with almost no confidence in their work. In any case, as indicated by Stanko (2000) despite the fact that lone a little minority of casualties report abusive behavior at home to the police, with figures appearing around 40 percent really being accounted for to the police (Dodd et al, 2004; Walby and Allen, 2004; Home Office, 2002), they still on normal get one call each moment in regards to aggressive behavior at home episodes in the UK adding up to a normal convergence of 1,300 calls per day or 570,000 calls for each year. The following section to follow is the writing audit in which the definition and scopes of wording will be investigated from past to present as to show the progressions that have occurred during the time alongside the evident absence of soundness that have caused numerous specialists extraordinary trouble while looking into this specific region. The writing audit will at that point keep on taking a gander at the police reaction to abusive behavior at home from a chronicled viewpoint, specifically pre-1980, and afterward move onto a later point of view from the 1980’s onwards as a relative. While the police reaction is vital to this exposition, it isn't exclusively aimed at one single office and the writing survey will go on basically investigate the enactment, both common and criminal, presently set up and enactment that was recently used to give an outline of the legitimate reaction all in all and how it has changed close by the adjustments in the police reaction. The last piece of the writing survey will take a gander at paces of revealing and non-detailing of episodes to the police and inspect whether there has been an expansion of announced occurrences since new enactment has been presented and changes in police rehearses have occurred or if there is as yet a hesitance by the casualties to report it that has been clear in past occasions. Part 2: Definition of ‘domestic abuse’ and a past filled with the police reaction. 2.1 Definition Throughout the years there have been various terms, extending from ‘wife battering’ (Pizzey, 1974; Walker, 1979) to ‘intimate accomplice violence’, which have been utilized to depict what is most ordinarily known as ‘domestic violence’. One basic issue that numerous specialists in the field have found is that of the definition and its absence of soundness between the journalists of the issue, the Government and furthermore the individuals from the general population, who may just utilize expressions, for example, ‘wife battering’ without completely valuing the idea of the issue and the mischief it can cause. So as to handle this absence of lucidness the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) set out an official meaning of abusive behavior at home which characterizes it as being â€Å"any occurrence of undermining conduct, savagery or misuse (mental, physical, sexual, monetary or passionate) between grown-ups who are or have been personal accomplices or relatives, paying little heed to sex or sexuality†. (Home Office, 2010) This definition given by the Home Office has been extended since the past definition (Circular 19/2000), which dubiously depicted abusive behavior at home as ‘any brutality between present or previous accomplices in a personal connection any place and at whatever point it occurs’, and is currently observed to additionally feature the viciousness that can occur between relatives who are 18 years old and over and furthermore incorporates different sorts of misuse that can likewise happen (for example money related, passionate and so on.) instead of simply being worried about the physical savagery. Past to this refreshed definition, ‘domestic violence’ was perceived as the most regularly utilized expression and the term of decision among analysts in the territory (Smith, 1989) in spite of having a ‘far from uncritical reception’ (Mullender, 1996). Kashani and Allen (1998) remarked upon this and expressed that because of the sheer intricacy of the issue, as far as its components (for example monetary, enthusiastic, mental), that it would be uncalled for and out of line to exclusively view it as an issue of ‘violence’ thus the term ‘abuse’ occurred and has since made attention to the way that the issue isn’t simply worried about physical viciousness yet additionally different angles that aren’t viewed as fierce, in essence. 2.2 Police Response to Domestic Violence Pre-1980 Abusive behavior at home is in no way, shape or form a ‘new’ wrongdoing. In any event, going back to the twelfth century abusive behavior at home was pervasive, as chapel law expressed in 1140 that ‘women were liable to their men’ and ‘needed to be amended through rebuke or punishment’. (Dutton, 1995 in Melton, 1999). The guys have for some time been viewed as having the force in the family and as indicated by the Napoleonic Civil Code in 1804, ‘violence was possibly reason for a separation for a lady if the courts concluded that it added up to endeavored murder’ (Dutton, 1995). English precedent-based law even permitted men to beat their spouses with a stick no greater than the width of their thumb, giving the term ‘rule of thumb’, and was supposed to be ‘uncivilised’ if the stick surpassed the standard (Brown, 1984). Given this, aggressive behavior at home wasn’t saw to be an issue for the police a s the laws set up really overlooked savagery by men against ladies and just positioned restrictions regarding how far the men could beat their spouses, to which any further was just classed as being improper, not criminal or culpable. All the more as of late in the twentieth century, the police reaction to charges of abusive behavior at home has confronted a lot of analysis for their alleged ‘dismissive and defamatory wayâ€?

Essential College Items

Essential College Items There’s so much to get together for college that you’re bound to forget things. And that’s when you start calling your mom, asking her to mail you your pet turtle, or trying to figure out whether Walgreens sells Twin Extra Long Sheets. You don’t want to be in that position. You can find real detailed checklists online (one of themis even written by your favorite university). I’m just going over some of the items I missed when I first packed for college. Sunscreen It’s mighty sunny here at Illinois. For a long time. If you start frying after five minutes of sun exposure like I do, then you better bring along some sunscreen! Umbrella Here is the forecast for Champaign: sunny, sunny, sunny, sunny, sunny, sunnâ€"RAINSTORM RUN RUN RUNâ€"sunny, sunny, sunny…You get the picture. When you least expect it, you’ll be walking to class in the wettest of the elements. Those small, shrimpy umbrellas will work fine, but they’ll probably turn inside out a whole lot with the wind. Maybe the real sturdy umbrellas do that too, but I don’t have any experience with real sturdy umbrellas. Walking Shoes Sometimes in high school, it feels like you’re just sitting in a desk all day. With block scheduling, though, college can be completely different, and you’d be surprised at how much you have to walk. Spare your feet your first week and bring along some gym shoes or running shoes or sneakers (are those all the same thing? No.) or anything that has enough support for you to be comfortable in. (Stamps?) Okay, maybe this one isn’t totally essential for you, but for people who enjoy letter writing, stamps are a must. Bring along five if you feel like it; you’ll get a kick out of writing to your other friends at college or to your pet turtle at home. And of course, if you’re bringing stamps, you’ll need envelopes. Headphones Any kind that works with your phone or computer or your roommate’s computer or anything. A watch The biggest shock for me freshman year was that there weren’t any clocks in any of my classrooms. How the heck was anyone supposed to know if there were 25 minutes left or 13? By wearing a watch, it turned out. Cool kids just check their phones in class to see what time it is, but who needs to be cool? And watches can be huge helps during exams, even if your teacher is calling out the time every 15 minutes. Just beware for when it runs out of battery Thermometer A thermometer is something that you only miss when you need one and don’t have it. If you’re feeling sick (and you will get sick sometime at college, probably during your first semesterâ€"everyone does) you’re going to want to find out if you have a fever or not. Of course, you can go to the McKinley Health Center, and you should if you need to, but it can be a trek, and unlike a sore throat or a cough, a fever is a common symptom that you need an (apparatus) to verify. And if you bring a thermometer, make sure to bring a pack of those plastic disposablethermometer sleeves. For the love of the squirrels, don’t only bring those seven items to collegeâ€"you need more than that! But when it comes time to pack, keep these items in the back of your head (no, not thereâ€"you’ll forget them. Keep them in your suitcase). The ambitious can start writing down what they need early on so that they’re not fumbling at the last minute. Good luck! OH YEAH! And don’t forget your pet turtle. Kate Class of 2020 I’m a senior here at the university, majoring in English and Math and minoring in Spanish. I’ve lived in Illinois all my life, sharing a room with my sister and many crickets. As the youngest in my family, I’m lucky enough to have my older siblings’ advice and perspective as I make my way through college!

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation in High School Students - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 981 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Sleep Deprivation Essay Did you like this example? Sleep is one of the most overlooked necessities we have. We stay up late with colleagues or labor over unfinished work without a second thought to the amount of sleep we might be losing. High School students develop in fast paced and demanding environments that require the best they can offer. Often at the cost of their own personal time. Unbeknownst to us, irregular sleep patterns affect both our physical and mental health almost immediately, more so on the developing bodies of adolescents. Sleep is often considered period of time in which the body is able to relax. This, in fact, is not the case. Sleep is the optimal time for your body to process needed information, retain memories, synthesise hormones, and to grow or repair needed tissues among other important functions.Therefore, we can conclude that sleep is a vital function of the growing body of a young adult for it to be able to perform at optimal condition in society as well as academically. Healthy sleeping patterns are characterized by sufficient duration †in relation to age† and regularity (How Much Sleep. 2018). Loss of sleep cannot be replenished by oversleeping. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effects of Sleep Deprivation in High School Students" essay for you Create order Young children ages six through thirteen are recommended to sleep nine through eleven hours each night. Parents are usually have a higher influence on their children during these ages; therefore kids often receive the needed amount to support their rapid mental and physical development. As they grow into adolescence, ages fourteen through eighteen, parental control decreases (How Much Sleep, 2018). Teenagers begin to learn how to care for themselves without the proper information to fully understand what their developing bodies require to achieve ideal performance. More often than not they will neglect the needed eight to ten hours of sleep and later the signs of fatigue. Sleep deprivation is a common occurance and can be caused by many factors in high school students. The balance of an active schedule and a healthy sleeping schedule is a delicate matter most often forgotten in societies (such as western) that prioritize productivity. At times, sleep deprivation can be the result of the environment in which the student is residing in. Environmental factors are oftentimes have a easier path to resolve them. This includes, but is not limited to, extensive time with screen based devices, hectic schedules, light exposure, and conditioned arousal around sleep areas. Excluding environment, the body itself can also be the cause for a lack of sleep. Biological factors can are most often harder to remedy and require extensive periods of treatment. Some examples of biological factors of sleep deprivation are: hormonal time shifts, a pre-developed sleep or psychiatric disorder, conditions associated with respiration/chronic pain and some medication. Immediate effects of sleep deprivation in young adults can include: impulsive behavior, memory and cognitive impairment , daytime fatigue, irritability, and anxiety. The American National Sleep Foundation found that by the 12th grade, 75% of students reported sleep durations of less than eight hours per night. Poor physical and academic performance †as well as drowsiness behind the wheel †have been attributed to inadequate sleep. Irritability and impulsive behavior can lead to stressed professional and personal relationships as well as stunted social development. As these young adults are becoming active in their community, the effect of sleep deprivation is directly influencing their lives (Owens, J. 2014). While short term sleep deprivation is limited from a few days to a couple of weeks, long term deprivation can span from several weeks to months. The impacts made from long term deprivation can have a larger impact to a teenagers health. Lower libido, psychiatric issues, weight fluctuation, increase of cortisol, and decrease in your immune systems functionality, are common symptoms found in long term cases. Although the consequences of sleep deprivation can prove to be a harsh blow to the body, they can be reversed over time. Our fascination with the human body and its functions have expanded far and wide, sleep holds no exception.There are thousands of studies concerning sleep, going as far back as ancient egyptian times with the mention of sleep disorders. In recent studies, led by Dr. Itzhak Fried, was one of the first to reveal that a lack of sleep disrupts the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. In this study, Fried used a group of twelve individuals who already had electrodes implanted in their brain to detect seizures. As sleep is a viable factor in the cause of seizures, these patients were forced to stay awake for several hours at a time. Accumutavly †between all patients† the electrodes fired 15,000 brain cells. In comparison, as they grew weary the amount of brain cells stimulated decreased. Dr. Itzhak was astounded in his finding, Unlike the usual rapid reaction, the neurons responded slowly, fired more weakly and their transmissions dragged on longer than usual. We were fascinated to observe how sleep deprivation dampened brain cell activity (Schmidt, E. 2017) . Treatment has proven to be effective in resolving the issues caused by sleep deprivation. In the case of environmental factors, most treatment involves a change in daily routine. Avoiding digital screens, stimulants such as caffeine and soft drinks, developing a comfortable sleeping environment, and creating a realistic and sustainable sleep schedule have all proven to help with the adjustment of the body. Biologically caused factors should be diagnosed and recommended treatment from a trusted physician. Some common treatments are sleep clinics, medication to induce sleep, and complementary medication. Sleep deprivation is a common and overlooked condition especially found in highschool students. This can be caused by a multitude of environmental or biological factors such as irregular hormone levels or numerous stimulants too close to a time scheduled for sleep. Although entirely curable, this disorder can have mild to extreme symptoms ranging from daytime fatigue to strokes. Symptoms can lead to external problems, as sleep deprivation has been proven to cause poor academic and physical performance.

The Scopes Monkey Trial - 1116 Words

Ever since science began to explain the previously unexplainable, it has caused conflicts with religion. The Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial of Dayton, Tennessee was one of the most talked about trials in history because it was one of the first and most publicized times that this conflict occurred. The trial showed the schism between the faithful fundamentalists and the newly formed group of evolutionists. Although the jury was reminded that they only had to decide if Scopes had broken the law, the verdict was seen as much more than that. For one of the first times in history, it seemed as if the jury had to choose either religion or evolution. For the time being, there could not be both. The Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial revealed the ongoing conflict with†¦show more content†¦That May, the American Civil Liberties Union put an ad in the newspaper looking for a teacher to challenge the law. John Scopes was asked to volunteer, and he agreed. The trial involved attorneys William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow and lasted over a week, the courtroom constantly overflowing with people and the witness examinations including many heated debates. (Adams) The case, meant to decide if Scopes broke the law, diverged from its original intention as the witnesses began to speak about the constitutionality of the law, questioning the legitimacy of the Bible. One of the most well known of these examinations was the questioning of Bryan by Darrow about the book of Genesis. â€Å"After initially contending, ‘Everything in the Bible should be accepted as it is given there,’ Bryan finally conceded that the words of the Bible should not always be taken literally† (UMKC School of Law). The final decision stated that Scopes was guilty of breaking the law and was fined $100. While this was seen as a win for fundamentalists, it was not the end of the battle. â€Å"In retrospect†¦ Scopes forged a temporary break, not a full-scale retreat, in the fundamentalist assault on modernist thought† (Gillon 171). Starting with the Scopes Trial, many more cases have occurred concerning the teaching of evolution. â€Å"By 1928 every southern state except Virginia had debated or was considering legislation banning the teaching of evolution in theShow MoreRelatedThe Scopes Monkey Trial942 Words   |  4 Pagesunexplainable, it clashed with religion. Thus, in 1925, the Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial revealed the struggle of America’s culture between the forces of Traditionalism and Modernism. The mixture of religion and science caused one of the most famous debates in American history to occur because ideas were the main focus instead of an actual crime. The Scopes Trial opened the doors to the conflict between faith and science that made it the trial of the century.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dayton is a small beautiful Southern townRead MoreOutcome of The Scopes Monkey Trial Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee vs. Scopes but given the nickname â€Å"The Monkey Trial†, has been credited as starting the popular legal dispute between evolution and creationism in the court, and its impact in the 20’s was immeasurable. The interpretation of the case is just as popular, if not more, than the actual result of the case. The worldwide attention and media coverage the case received produced many opinions. Scholar’s opinions range from describing the case asRead MoreThe Film, Inherit The Wind, By The Scopes Monkey Trial1889 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper discusses how the film, Inherit The Wind, portrays the Scopes Monkey Trial. The film showed both sides of the argument fairly. It was conveying a message that a person should try to understand and respect each opinion when arguing their own side. Three evidentiary issues of the trial in the film will also be discussed. The three issues that are objected to in the film are an opinion question, hearsay, and relevance. The judge sustained all three objections, saying that they were inadmissibleRead MoreEssay on Science V. Religion: The Scopes Monkey Trial1397 Words   |  6 Pagescontradicted the Christian theory of Divine Creation as described in the Bible. This caused many religious fundamentalists to fight against it. They took their battle to the law books, and they were challenged by pro-evolution modernists in the Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925. The theory of Evolution was developed by Charles Darwin throughout his life and published in 1859 in a book called The Origin of Species. In brief, it states that all living things on earth evolved over time and that natural selectionRead MoreThe Scopes Monkey Trial And On Debating The Legality Of Teaching Evolution1037 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing debated as inappropriate to be taught in schools. Many people feel that it is important to learn about Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution, but at the same time there are many who refuse to learn about it. In the Scopes Monkey Trial and in the movie Inherit the Wind a trial is going on debating the legality of teaching evolution. Though there are still issues that arise with teaching evolution it is currently accepted more than it is debated against. Evolution is a scientifically tested andRead MoreThemes Symbols: Inherit The Wind Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesand Symbols: Inherit the Wind As probably the best courtroom dramas of the twentieth century, Inherit the Wind is based on the famous, Scopes Monkey Trial. The play was printed virtually thirty years afterward and takes original authority in varying the true-life elements of the court case. The central conflict of the play is based on the Scopes Monkey Trial itself. Several themes are presented throughout the play, for example when Brady argues for religious values while Drummond argues for naturalRead More Religion Versus Science in The Scopes Trial1089 Words   |  4 Pages This trial took place in Dayton, Tennessee in 1925, and the central figure was a twenty five-year-old science teacher named John Scopes. Scopes was under the umbrella of advancing America, and the trial was dubbed The Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial. In 1925, John Scopes was encouraged to challenge the Butler Law. This law was passed in the state of Tennessee to bar teachings contrary to those in the Bible. Teachings from an evolutionary text, Scopes broke the law and drew theRead MoreAnalysis Of Clarence Darrow And Henry Millers Inherit The Wind951 Words   |  4 Pagesimpossible cases. In the play Inherit the wind and the real-life Scopes Monkey Trial, Darrow and Drummond were on the impossible side. The trials were evolution against religion. Darrow and Drummond both had to represent the side of evolution in a religious-biased town. In the play Inherit the Wind, the character, Henry Drummond, parallels his real-life counterpart, Clarence Darrow, through his beliefs, his contribution to the Scopes Monkey Trial, and his career. Both Drummond and Darrow had beliefs thatRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory Of Evolution1151 Words   |  5 PagesTennessee high school substitute teacher named John Scopes was accused of teaching Charles Darwin s theory of evolution to students. The theory of evolution was a hypothesis that species survived through natural selection, meaning the adaption of species evolving to better themselves to a changing and threatening environment and that man evolved from apes. His theory that Scopes taught was completely against the Butler law. Even though Scopes’ teaching of evolution violated the Butler Law, he shouldRead More Cultural Revolution Of The 1920s Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesThe teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of having violated the Butler Act. This was a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of the theory of evolution in public schools. The Tennessee legislature felt that teaching evolution was wrong because it contradicted the creation theory of the Bible. The S copes trial received worldwide publicity. The press nicknamed it the Monkey Trial because, people believed that the theory of evolution meant that humans were descended from monkeys. Clarence Darrow was

All You Need Is Love Free Essays

The LGBT community began to fght back after the Stonewall Riots and are still fighting for the ame freedoms heterosexuals currently hold. These freedoms include the right to marry and marriage provides couples with many benefits that only heterosexual couples are privvy to. One by one the states are changing their views and legalizing gay marriage, but there are still many states to persuade. We will write a custom essay sample on All You Need Is Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gay marriage needs to be legalized in all states because the purpose of marriage is love, legalizing gay marriage will not harm heterosexual marriages or the current â€Å"family values†, and marriage is a basic civil right. The view on gay marriage has varied over the last one hundred years. According to the PBS film Stonewall Uprising, in all states besides Illinois, homosexual acts were illegal in 1969. Dr. Socarides, a guest in the film says, â€Å"Homosexuality is in fact a mental illness which has reached epidemiological proportions† (Davis, 2011). This was said in the 1960’s Just before the Stonewall Riots. Back then, the costs for being gay were extreme, and punishments included institution in California named Atascadero, where the medical extremes were practiced. At Atascadero, they used medical experimentation that included â€Å"administering, to gay people, a drug that simulated the experience of drowning; in ther words, a pharmacological example of waterboarding† (Davis, 2011). They punished gays, lesbians, bisexuals and trans-genders for something they could not control. A riot member named Doric Wilson reported that many who underwent this treatment, turned into walking vegetables (Davis, 2011). Before the riots at the Stonewall Bar, homosexuality was treated as a contagious sickness of the mind. Law enforcement and the media encouraged citizens to hate all people who were not conforming to the typical mom and dad household with two point three children. Councilman Ed Koch of New York City states, â€Å"Gay rights, like the rights of blacks, were constantly under attack and while blacks were protected against constitutional amendments, gays were not protected by law and certainly not the Constitution† (Davis, 2011). That is when the Riots occurred. The Stonewall Bar was located in The Village, a place where gays, lesbians and drag queens could go and be themselves, but the police raided this gay bar frequently, usually in the mid afternoon. One night in the summer of 1969, a group of six policemen raided the bar; however, they were unsuccessful. The police were pushed into the bar and trapped inside, while thousands of people gathered outside in protest. Eventually additional officers showed up in riot uniforms with clubs and face guards, and were again ambushed by the protestors. Soon enough, the police charged and started beating and clubbing people. This went on for a few days and eventually the Stonewall Riots became a part of history. The Riots essentially said to America, miou promised freedom, now get off our backs and deliver on the promise† (Davis, 2011). Since the Stonewall Uprising, sixteen states have legalized gay marriage including New Jersey, Hawaii and Illinois. Surely, Americans have evolved since the Stonewall Riots, but there is additional progress to be made. Only sixteen states have legalized gay marriage; moreover, there are still thirty-four states left. The real question is what is keeping people from voting for same-marriage? There are a variety of reasons opponents argue same-sex marriage should be illegal. Their main argument involves the traditional definition of marriage. For generations the definition of marriage has been â€Å"a union of man and woman, uniquely involving the procreation and rearing of hildren with a family’ (ProCon. org, 2013). This is supported by religious texts such as the Bible, but there are many arguments as to why the above definition in invalid. To begin, it is also stated in the Bible that women are property of men. It is the twenty- first century and there are equal rights for women, many women participate in the workforce and it is no longer acceptable to suggest that a woman’s place is at home. Supporters are in agreement with Sylvia Law when she stated, â€Å"any effort by the state to hardwire sex differences into the concept of marriage perpetuates traditional sex- ased stereotypes of man-as-breadwinner and woman-as-housekeeper† (Eskridge, 1993). Everyday an increasing number of Americans become more open-minded and accepting of others, so why can people not be accepting of homosexuals. If people of religion can disregard one statement, why can they not disregard another? Ted Olsen, former US Solicitor General also argues the definition of marriage. Ted Olsen who work to create a loving household and a social and economic partnership† (Olson, 2010). Proponents to gay marriage believe this is what the definition of marriage should be and will be in the future. Gay marriage is opposed not only because of the definition of marriage, but also because critics believe that it could damage the family values of Americans and that the purpose of marriage is to procreate. Family values such as equality, work ethic, and the importance of family are all values that would be strengthened by same-sex marriage, not weakened. The value of equality and work ethic are especially prominent in same-sex couples. Homosexual couples worked extremely hard in order for equality, and giving them the option to become married would only increase the value of their morals. The importance of family is another value that is only being diminished when same-sex couples are forbidden to marry. Marriage is the gateway to family, and without it, the importance of such family becomes invisible. How to cite All You Need Is Love, Papers

What Happened In World War II Essays (347 words) -

What happened in World War II? The war didn't just start one day. Many events led up to this vivid memory. The whole thing is based on propaganda and beliefs of a man named Aldof Hitler. In January 1933 he became chancellor of Germany. As soon as he was in office he put laws on the Jews community. Germany became obsessed with power and soon they are invading Poland, Britain, Norway, Holland, Denmark, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. War was on. The war was a war on the world. Throughout Europe war was lose. The Holocaust was in full swing. Jews were being sent to camps by the train full. Normandy invasion caused over 10,000 deaths and that was just on the French side. The Battle of the Bulge was a huge surprise attack, which caused German to lose tons of skilled labors. Germany was determined, they fought until May 1945. The United States was in a battle for life with Japan. In December 1941 Japan dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor causing the day to be know as "The day of Infamy." This was the start of the US battles. The US became paranoid and placed Japanese Americans in Internment camps'. Japan and the US fought continuously over land. The Battle of Midway, and Iwo Jima were two of the biggest battles, the US won both. Japan still wouldn't give up. They continued to fight and began a plan of attack. They had a top-secret weapon, the atomic bomb. The atomic bomb was dropped in two major cities, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki. 75,000 people died, Japan gave up. The war ended on August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. The US hit Japan where it hurt, and the damages are unforgettable. In May 1945 German gave up, and surrendered causing a victory for the allies. The over all lose was huge, millions of Jews, millions of Americans, millions of Japanese, millions and millions of people all over the world paid the ultimate sacrifice through out this tireless war, death.

Free Essays on Dionysus

Zeus’ divine child relishes the happy life He loves peace who sheds happiness Peace who nurses admirable youths And gave of the rich and poor He hates those who do not do their best day and wondrous night to live happily. (Euripides, Bacchai 416-426) Dionysus has been called the Father of Wine, the Bringer of Virility, and the Patron of the Theatrical Arts, of which he is most well known for. Dionysus, also known as Bacchus, Iacchus, Bassareus, Trietenicus, and Liber, is credited for the creation of wine and theatre, yet his origins and earthly powers are vague and convoluted (Apiryon, 1). His origin has long been suspected to be in a fusion of a rural, local Greek nature god and another more potent god imported from Phrygia (central Turkey) or Thrace later in Greek prehistory (Gross, 1). Contradictory, Dionysus was one of the most important deities to the Greeks, yet historically he was rarely mentioned in writing. He was the Thracian, and eventually Greek, god of ecstasy, terror, guilt and atonement, death and resurrection, vegetation, trees, wine, madness, and drama. He also represented Eleusis: ecstasy, personal delivery from the world through physical or spiritual intoxication, and initiation into secret rites (1).To compreh end the complicated worship of this (once)nature deity, one must understand his origins, his followers, his holidays, and the evolution of the entire religion into the current form of theatre today. There are countless versions to the origins of Dionysus, and most continue in a common thread while contradicting each other. In the most profuse and popular tale, Dionysus was born of Zeus and Semele, a mortal woman whom Zeus had fallen in love with and the romance continued for many years. To no ones surprise, Semele became pregnant and rumors flew around Mt. Olympus. Eventually Hera, Queen of the gods and Zeus’ wife, discovered her husband’s secret affair with this human woman and became gree... Free Essays on Dionysus Free Essays on Dionysus DIONYSUS Dionysus, also known as Bacchus, is the son of the god Zeus and Semele. He is known as the twice-born god because Zeus unintentionally burned Semele on the account of Hera’s trickery and Dionysus died inside Semele. There are a few stories that come to his rebirth but the one that is most remembered in mythology is that Hermes took the heart of Dionysus and sew it into Zeus’s leg. After much persecution by Hera, Zeus finally became fed up with it and turned Dionysus into a god. Dionysus was the god of many things and some think that he is the most important god out of all of them which I for one agree with. To start he was the first god of fertility associated with plants and animals. For this he was known as â€Å"he of the trees†. He is also the god of wine, he had discovered this when he was in Nysa, also known as god of blossoms. This is where things get confusing. Dionysus is associated with both the life force and with death. He brings death, madness, and destruction to every where he goes and everyone that follows. However, paradoxically resurrection and life as well. For example; Dionysus drove Ino, his nurse, insane and she boiled her child alive, however she jumped into the sea and became a sea goddess. His mother, Semele, was burned alive but she joins Dionysus and other gods at Mount Olympus. By creating destruction in a way he is also creating life. Dionysus played an important role in helping life go on. He is the god of wine which in those days was a major thing to the Greeks and stimulated not only self worth and peoples lives but also stimulated procreation. The people that followed him would go mad, they would have parties and drink and let themselves go free without the common day worries and let life live. He is a god of the people. He understands them and the people that were his followers had a piece of him inside of them. He understood death like no other god could because he is the only ... Free Essays on Dionysus Zeus’ divine child relishes the happy life He loves peace who sheds happiness Peace who nurses admirable youths And gave of the rich and poor He hates those who do not do their best day and wondrous night to live happily. (Euripides, Bacchai 416-426) Dionysus has been called the Father of Wine, the Bringer of Virility, and the Patron of the Theatrical Arts, of which he is most well known for. Dionysus, also known as Bacchus, Iacchus, Bassareus, Trietenicus, and Liber, is credited for the creation of wine and theatre, yet his origins and earthly powers are vague and convoluted (Apiryon, 1). His origin has long been suspected to be in a fusion of a rural, local Greek nature god and another more potent god imported from Phrygia (central Turkey) or Thrace later in Greek prehistory (Gross, 1). Contradictory, Dionysus was one of the most important deities to the Greeks, yet historically he was rarely mentioned in writing. He was the Thracian, and eventually Greek, god of ecstasy, terror, guilt and atonement, death and resurrection, vegetation, trees, wine, madness, and drama. He also represented Eleusis: ecstasy, personal delivery from the world through physical or spiritual intoxication, and initiation into secret rites (1).To compreh end the complicated worship of this (once)nature deity, one must understand his origins, his followers, his holidays, and the evolution of the entire religion into the current form of theatre today. There are countless versions to the origins of Dionysus, and most continue in a common thread while contradicting each other. In the most profuse and popular tale, Dionysus was born of Zeus and Semele, a mortal woman whom Zeus had fallen in love with and the romance continued for many years. To no ones surprise, Semele became pregnant and rumors flew around Mt. Olympus. Eventually Hera, Queen of the gods and Zeus’ wife, discovered her husband’s secret affair with this human woman and became gree... Free Essays on Dionysus Son of Zeus and Semele, also known in both Greek and Latin as Bacchus. According to Ovid, when his mother was killed Zeus snatched her unborn child and sewed him into his own thigh. The Homeric Hymn to Dionysos (1) gives variant versions of his birth. He is unusual in that he has a mortal mother, the story of Semele places his birth much later than those of the other gods. Several stories tell of the fate of mortals who refused to recognised or accept Dionysos, as in Euripides' Bacchae. Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 3.5 and Homer, Iliad, 6 tell the story of Lykourgos, a Thracian king who tried to expel Dionysos and was driven mad. Homeric Hymn to Dionysos, 7 tells of the fate of mortals who failed to recognise him. He was captured by pirates but made a vine grow on the ship and transformed himself into a lion. The pirates ended up as dolphins. As these stories suggest, Dionysos is often depicted as travelling throughout Greece, often arriving from the east. As knowledge of the world to the east expanded with Alexander's campaigns as far as India, so did the regions from which Dionysos was thought to arrive in Greece. In the Hellenistic and Roman periods he was depicted as arriving in triumph from India, accompanied by exotic animals. Dionysos is the god of wine and song and is usually depicted in art and literature accompanied by maenads, satyrs and silens. The maenads often carry parts of animals they have torn apart in their frenzy. This is how he is described by Catullus and Ovid when he arrives on the island of Naxos to rescue Ariadne. At Athens tragedy was performed at the festival of Dionysos (Dionysia). The Anthesteria was a festival which commemorated the death of Ikarios the first man to introduce wine to Attica. His countrymen killed him when they felt the effects of the drink and thought he had poisoned them. Ikarios' daughter, Erigone, hanged herself (Apollodoros, 3.14.7). Dionysos was also associated wit...

Use French to Talk About the Tour de France

Use French to Talk About the Tour de France Whether you love cycling or just watching competitions like the Tour de France, youll want to learn some French cycling terminology. Here are the top French cycling-related nouns, verbs, and idiomatic expressions. Essential Tour Terms le cyclisme:  cycling, biking Le Tour de France:  the Tour de France (literally, tour of France)Note that tour  is one of those French nouns with two genders.  Le tour  means the tour.  La tour means the tower. Using the wrong gender, in this case, could cause confusion. La Grande Boucle:  The Big Loop (French nickname for the  Tour de France) Vive la France!  :Go France!  Yay France! Hurray for France (roughly)   People and Riders un autobus: a group that rides together to finish within the time allottedun commissaire:  referee who travels by carun coureur:  rider, cyclistun cycliste:  rider, cyclistun directeur sportif:  managerun domestique:  support riderun à ©chappà ©:  breakawayune à ©quipe:  teamun grimpeur:  climberun grupeto:  same as autobusun peloton:  pack, bunchun poursuivant:  chaserun rouleur:  smooth and steady riderun soigneur:  riders assistantun sprinteur:  sprinterla tà ªte de course:  leader Cycling Styles    bloc:  riding all out, as hard and fast as possiblela cadence: pedaling rhythmchasse patate:  riding between two groups (literally, potato hunt)la danseuse:  standing up Equipment un bidon:  water bottleun casque:  helmetune crevaison:  flat, punctureun dossard:  number on riders uniformun maillot:  jerseyune musette:  feed bagun pneu:  tireun pneu crevà ©:  flat tireune roue:  wheelun và ©lo de course:  racing bikeune voiture balai:  broom wagon Tracks and Courses une borne kilomà ©trique:  milestone (literally, a kilometer marker)un col:  mountain passune cà ´te:  hill, slopeune course:  raceune course par à ©tapes:  stage raceune descente:  downward slopeune à ©tape:  stage, legla flamme rouge:  red marker at one kilometer from finishhors catà ©gorie:  beyond classification (extremely difficult)une montagne:  mountainune montà ©e:  upward slopeun parcours:  route, courseune plaine:  plains, flat landune piste:  trackune route:  road Standings and Scoring la bonification:  bonus pointsune chute:  fall, crashle classement:  standingscontre la montre:  time trialla lanterne rouge:  last riderle maillot pois:  polka dot jersey (worn by best climber)le maillot blanc:  white jersey (worn by the best rider under 25)le maillot jaune:  yellow jersey (worn by the overall leader)le maillot vert:  green jersey (worn by points leader / best sprinter) Cycling Verbs accà ©là ©rer:  to acceleratesaccrocher :  to cling, hang on toattaquer:  to attack, charge  aheadchanger dallure:  to change pacechanger de vitesse:  to shift gearscourir:  to ridedà ©passer:  to overtakedà ©raper:  to slip, skids à ©chapper:  to break awaygrimper:  to climbprendre la tà ªte:  Ã‚  to take the leadralentir: to slow downrouler:  Ã‚  to ride

International Trade Operations in Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Trade Operations in Egypt - Essay Example The paper tells that Egypt happens to be the most populated Arab nation. It also happens to be the second most populated African Nation. Most of the population of Egypt is concentrated in the big cities like Alexandria and Cairo and in and around the Delta of the Nile Valley. The population in the rural areas in Egypt is on the decline because a large number of Egyptian populations are migrating to the urban hubs to assess a better life style and to benefit from the economic development taking place in these urban hubs. Egypt could be classified to be a well educated nation with its literacy rate being 71.4 percent. In Egypt education is free right up to the university level and it is compulsory from age 6 through 15. The long standing Egyptian President, Hosni Mubarak had to resign following large scale political protests in the nation, predominantly led by the young people. In the year 2004, the Egyptian government initiated large scale economic reforms aimed at privatizing the los s making public sector units and rationalizing the tariffs and taxes. Egypt experienced a commendable economic growth, resting at 7 percent till the year 2008. However, with the onset of the global economic crisis, the economic growth went below the earlier 7 percent mark. Considering the recent, widespread political protests in Egypt, the rate of economic growth could be expected to remain low for the time. However, it could reasonably be assumed that Egypt is gradually moving towards a democratic, parliamentary form of government. With the initiation of the political reforms, the Egyptian economy could favorably be expected to align further with the Global economic trends and Practices. Slide II Egypt is not only the home to a fast growing population, but, the positive thing is that a majority of the Egyptian population comprises of young people and the aged constitute a miniscule of the Egyptian population. It is a fact corroborated by commonsense that young people are usually mo re open to new ideas, ways of doing things, products and services. Besides, young people are usually more informed about the global trends be they political, economic or culinary. Also considering the large size of the population that mainly comprises of young people, Egypt will have to import more food products to feed it. Going by the fact that most of the Egyptian farming and diary is concentrated in the Nile Valley, which comprises of a meager arable land, not capable of producing enough food to feed the large Egyptian population, it could well be expected that in the times to come, Egypt will have to rely on the outside sources to feed its fast growing population. Also, going by the concentration of young people in the Egyptian population, in the times to come it could safely be assumed that this relatively young population will exhibit a marked preference for foreign foods and culinary delights. In that context, it is a propitious time for the Content Cow Diary to export its p roducts to Egypt. If it forays into the Egyptian markets right now, it could pragmatically expect to consolidate its position in the Egyptian markets, in the times to come. Slide III International trade to a large extent is determined by the free interplay of demand and supply and the economies of scale that varied nations command in the context of specific products. If one looks at the GDP of Egypt, one could easily see that the agriculture sector contributes a meager 14.4 percent to the national GDP (CIA The World FactBook, 2012). In contrast, the other pillars of the Egyptian economy that are industry and services sector contribute 39.5 percent and 45.8 percent respectively to the national GDP (CIA The World FactBook, 2012). Thus, it will be quiet realistic to assume that the agriculture sector in Egypt is not well developed and modernized and could not be expected to churn out enough to be able to feed

There are limitations, but financial and management accounting perform Essay

There are limitations, but financial and management accounting perform a fundamental role in the measurement of performance wit - Essay Example In this context, the performance measurement has been characterized as an activity of key value for organizations in different industrial sectors. The specific issue is examined in this paper; emphasis is given on the role of the financial and management accounting in performance measurement, as a key part of strategic decision process in modern organizations. It is concluded that both financial and management accounting are quite important for the successful development of performance measurement schemes – even if, in certain cases, the involvement of financial and management accounting in performance measurement causes delays in the completion of the relevant processes – under the terms presented below. Because of the above problem, a series of recommendations has been included in this study aiming to support the improvement of performance measurement systems. 2. Performance measurement in organizations 2.1 Performance measurement – description, role The use of performance measurement in modern organizations has been related to the achievement of specific organizational targets. Most commonly, the performance measurement is used a firm’s managers in order to evaluate whether the organizational activities manage to achieve a particular level of performance – as set by the planners of these activities. In this way, it will be possible to estimate if these activities have paid back the investment made on them or not. In practice, the performance measurement – as one of the firm’s key strategic processes – can be quite complex. This fact is reflected in the theories developed in the particular field – referring to the content, the role and the phases of performance measurement in modern organizations. At a first level, certain differentiations can be identified in the criteria used by theorists when having to define the performance measurement; however, a close examination of their views would lead to the assumption that they all emphasize on the value of performance measurement as a tool for estimating the achievement of organizational goals – including the risks involved. In accordance with Hatry (2006) the performance measurement can be defined as the ‘regular measurement of the results (outcomes) and efficiency of services or programs’ (Hatry 2006, p3). On the other hand, Meyer (2003) notes that the term ‘performance measurement’ can be explained using two different definitions: the dictionary definition, which focuses on the past, i.e. on the performance of the organization up to the time point when its performance is measured and the economic definition, which refers rather to the future, emphasizing on ‘the measurement of the shareholder value into the firm’ (Meyer 2003, p20). It is further explained that in the context of the dictionary definition ‘performance is measured by operational measures or current financial res ults’ (Meyer 2003, p20); on the other hand, the economic definition is based on the measurement of performance ‘using share prices’ (Meyer 2003, p20). Another definition of performance measurement is mentioned in the study of Harbour (1997); in the above study reference is made to the performance measurement as a method for ‘measuring work accomplishments and output’ (Harbour 1997, p7). At the next level, Epstein et al. (2006) emphasize on

Overview Of Benchmarking Theory Management Essay

Overview Of Benchmarking Theory Management Essay Benchmarking theory is established upon the performance comparison, gap, and changes in the management process (Watson, 1993). A literature review also shows that majority of benchmarking methodologies perform the same function as performance gap analysis (e.g. Camp, 1989; Karlof and Ostblom, 1993; Watson, 1993). In a context of waste, first rule of benchmarking is to determine the performance gaps with respect to generation and utilization within a management system and to develop method to close them. The gap between internal and external practices reveals the changes and at the same time differentiates benchmarking theory from comparison research and competitive analysis. The author explained further that competitive analysis focus on product or service comparisons but benchmarking examine the operating and management skills that is use to produce goods and services. More also, competitive analysis looks at the characteristic of competitors in the same geographical location whilst benchmarking seeks to find the best practices regardless of location. (Walleck et al., 1991). Benchmarking has been defined by many authors due to its positive and negative result affecting the success of performance improvement within the organization. The literature review of Kozak, 2004, original sources: Camp, 1989; Zairi, 1992; Smith et al., 1993; Rogers et al., 1995, explained that benchmarking: Enable organization to ascertain the position they have more strength and weaknesses depending upon charges in supply, demand and market condition. Enables to set new standard and objectives to enhance customer satisfaction in term of quality, cost, product and services. It gives employees new standard knowledge to work on and also motivate them to always strive for more improvement. Enable organization to determine the possible level of performance they could attain by looking at others and to what extent they could achieved such performance Help organization to stimulate continuous performance which will give them competitive edge over others and enables it maintain world class standard. Despite the above benefit, a successful benchmarking researcher Bendell (1993) stated that time constraints, competitive barriers, cost, lack of both management commitment and professional human resources, resistance to change, poor planning and short-term expectations are regarded as barriers. The author further noted that poor execution of benchmarking exercise can lead to waste of time, finance and human resources. Elmuti and Kathawala( 1997) illustrate that there is no single best practice of benchmarking because peoples ideology varies and organization concept and system differs from one another. On a contrary, there is a risk involved in benchmarking others and adopting their new standards into ones own company. However, the best practice which is producing outstanding performance with good examples should be perceived and adopted. According to research, benchmarking has been defined by many authors and organization even though each definition aims to reach same conclusion. Nevertheless, benchmarking was basically stems from Demings quality management theory, which aims to enhance quality and check its sustainability by following several stages in order( Kozak 2004, p5). Websters Dictionary defines benchmark as a standard by which something can be measured or judged (Kozak, 2004 p. 5). Xerox and Robert C. Camp at the end of the 1980s gave most widely accepted and referenced text on the subject of benchmarking as the continuous process of measuring our products, services and practices against the toughest competitors or those companies recognized as industry leaders (Camp, 1989). On a simply note, benchmarking is the process of finding the best practice in an organization and forecasting what performance should yield in the future. The three principles of benchmarking are maintaining quality, customer satisfacti on and continuous improvement. (Kozak 2004, p.5, original source: Watson, 1993). Some author sees benchmarking as a continuous process or measurement while others defined it as finding and looking significance things to enhance an organization performance. For example, Vaziri (1992) defined benchmarking as a continuous process of comparing organizations performance with that rated as the best within the industry considering consumers needs and determining what needed to be improved in order to have competitive edge in the future. Similarly, Watson (1993) also emphasizes benchmarking in term of continuity feature referring to the continuous input of information acquired from benchmarked organization into the organization. Geber (1990, p. 36) based his definition at significance focus on the best practice of benchmarking as follow: a process of finding the world-class examples of a product, service or operational system and then adjusting your products, services or systems to meet or beat those standards. Approaches to definitions of benchmarking Adopted from (Kozak, 2004. Destination Benchmarking) In practice by many organizations, benchmarking process usually encompasses the following: Regularly analyzing and comparing aspect of performance with high ranked organization Identifying the performance gaps Establishing fresh method to improve on such performances Continuous tracking the implementation improvement; and By continuous monitoring progress stages and assessing the benefit Types of benchmarking Due to many relevant literature reviews, it could be seen that there are many classification of benchmarking, the main categorization are internal, competitive and functional benchmarking (Kozak 2004, p.10 original authors: Camp, 1989; Zairi, 1992). Kozak (2004,p.10) further classified benchmarking into two parts: internal and external benchmarking, in same context, competitive and functional benchmarking was classified under external benchmarking. INTERNAL BENCHMARKING Internal benchmarking is regarded as two ways communication and sharing information between departments within the same organization or between organizations operating as a branch in different countries (Cross and Leonard, 1994; Breiter and Kline, 1995). This kind of system can be found in a franchising company whereby an outstanding performance by any part of the organization will be learnt by the other. Internal benchmarking is an added advantage to an organization or partner who shares a common language, culture and systems, having easy access to data, and giving a baseline for future comparisons (Breiter and Kline, 1995). EXTERNAL BENCHMARKING It is an opposite or reverse case of internal benchmarking as it was read in many relative literatures. External benchmarking requires comparison of activities with external organization in order to acquire method, new ideas and knowledge using by the organization to attain such an outstanding performance in the production of goods and services. Kozak (2004, p11) noted the objective of external benchmarking as the persistence in improvement of ones performance by measuring and comparing with that of others and determine how others achieve their performance levels. This type of benchmarking provides opportunities for an organization to learn from the best practices and experiences of the others who have the competitive edge in the industry. The consistent review of benchmarking by Kozak (2004, p.11) has brought up another three subcategories of benchmarking which are: competitive, generic and relationship benchmarking. Competitive benchmarking: this type of benchmarking occurs only among the direct competitors. According to Kozak (2004) explains that competitive benchmarking is regarded as the most sensitive type of benchmarking activities because of it difficulties in achieving an applaudable collaboration and cooperation with direct competitors and reach primary sources of information. For example Xeroxs market shares starts to diminish because of the entrance of new competitors. Therefore the management decided to benchmark its performance with competitors within the same industry. The results of this enhance its financial position, stabilized its market shares and increase its customers satisfaction. (Cook, 1995). Functional benchmarking: Functional benchmarking refers to comparative research and attempts to seek world-class excellence by comparing business performance not only against competitors but also against the best businesses operating in similar fields and performing similar activities or having similar problems, but in a different industry (Kozak, 2004, original sources: Davies, 1990; Breiter and Kline, 1995). For instance British Rail Network South East benchmarked British airways in order to improve the standard of cleanliness of trains. They were able to achieve such aim by the survey that was conducted on British airways mode of cleanliness. (Cook, 2005). Moreover, this type of benchmarking makes it easier for best in class organizations to share new ideas, best practice and experience together and it is as well regarded as non- competitive benchmarking (Kozak 2004, p.12). Relationship benchmarking: This type of benchmarking occurs between organizations that have mutual relationship together before the agreement of benchmarking is sealed (Anderson, 1995). This method potentially may provide some benefits to organizations since less time is required and the trust established between the two parties will help break down confidentiality barriers. Cox et al. (1997) call this collaborative benchmarking. Benchmarking best practice Historically, benchmarking is seen as an essential tools for continuous improvement of goods and services in an organization ( Dattakumar and Jagadeesh 2003). For example Xerox Corporation in the united state was the first company to be credited with a successful benchmarking project in 1979. Nowadays, organizations have realized that in order for them to survive in the nearest future, they have to initiate major changes within their organization that will make them more productive and reduce costs. benchmarking goes beyond just competitive analyses, rather than analyzing organizational processes and method to assess how the competitive edge is achieved. Benchmarking against Best practice requires seeking out the undisputed leader in the process that is critical to business success regardless of sector or locations. I.e using the most effective methods of achieving optimal performance leading to superior performance is the process of benchmarking for Best Practices identifying, sharing, and imparting knowledge, innovative ideas, and highly effective operating procedures related to best business practices, inside and outside your organization (Julian L. Aston and Jonathan A. Goldhill). In a nutshell, the achievement of any organization is to successfully identify and appl ying best practices in its operations which will result to reduction in business expenses and improve its organizational efficiency. In order for benchmarking process to be achieved in an organization, the follow steps need to be initiated and implemented (Julian L. Aston and Jonathan A. Goldhill): Step 1: The management needs to establish a lead Best Practices team that will be engaged with overall development and company-wide implementation of this important new activity. In addition, creates departmental benchmarking teams charged with development and implementation of Best Practices within their individual department. Step 2: Each team determines the types of Best Practices their department must uphold. Step 3: Teams identify benchmarking resources applicable to their Best Practice needs. Step 4: The teams collect and analyze information. Step 5: Each team determines the value of each Best Practice relative to attaining departmental and overall corporate objectives. Step 6: Team members take the time to understand and analyze the point gap between an existing standard or practice and the desired best practice standard. Step 7: Each team brainstorms how they can close the point gap, and develops an action plan in support of upholding each Best Practice. Step 8: The teams take action under the leadership and guidance of the Lead Best Practices Team, reporting to Senior Management. Finally in order for the implementation of a Best Practices Program to be successful, establishment of departmental Best Practices teams must be initiated and charged with the task of managing the process on a continuous basis. Best Practices Example A vivid example of a best practice is demonstrated by SRC in Springfield, Missouri. Convinced that everyone is responsible for the companys success, SRCs management team trained every employee in cash flow management, a tool that has enabled the company to generate double-digit growth every year since its founding 12 years ago. SRC has grown in 12 years from one company of 100 employees to 12 employee-owned companies in 16 sites with 750 people. SRC has been named the Entrepreneurial Company of the Year by Inc. magazine for the last three years. The current turnover rate is less than 1 percent. http://www.qualitydigest.com/feb/bench.html DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BENCHMARKING AND BEST PRACTICES Are benchmarking and best practices the same? According to many literature reviews, it could be understood that benchmarking is totally differ from best practices. Benchmarking is the process that gives one the opportunities to ascertain potential best practices, i.e. identifying best ranked performer; one to locate a specific practices within an organization that could enhance own performance. However, there are different categories of benchmarking which organization might practice and it was understood that some organization benchmarked for the purpose of setting performance target for their own organization rather to ascertain practices that contributed to the success of other organization and to emulate it. What distinguishes best practices from benchmarking? A best practice is never a new idea, perhaps is what meets the seven following criteria: Successful over Time: A best practice must be documented. Quantifiable results: The achievement must be quantifiable. Innovative: Must have a distinctive program and process from its peer Recognized positive outcome: Best practice should generate different positive result and indicators Repeatable: A best practice should be adopted with modifications. Should establish different strategies and be able forecast benefits that are likely to be accrue to others. Has local importance: Best practice is seen as an outstanding performance to those who seek for it. Therefore, it should not be a duplicate strategy; i.e organizations should adopt it with modification. Not linked to unique demographics: A best practice may have evolved as a result of unique demographics, but organization from other demographics should be able to transfer with modification. http://www.scribd.com/doc/83467243/14/DIFFERENCE-BETWEEN-BENCHMARKING-AND-BEST-PRACTICES. In conclusion, although different authors views benchmarking from their different perspectives as it is demonstrated in the figure () . All these definitions portray same aim and objectives: the continuous measurement and improvement of an organizations performance against the best in the industry to obtain information about new working methods or practices (Kozak 2004, p.7). However, best practices and methods that are seen as the success key to an organization may not necessarily be the best to those adopting it. Therefore benchmarking requires full scale modification and extensive innovation in order for justifiable achievement to be attain.

Caliban and Trinculo Essay

Caliban and Trinculo are hiding underneath Caliban’s cloak because they are afraid of the storm and of what other beings are approaching them. Stefano has discovered what he thinks is a creature with four legs and two heads, which is really Caliban’s and Trinculo’s legs next to each other and both of their voices. The use of language in this extract differs between characters. Stefano’s use of language is blunt and basic English. The fact that he is drunk adds to the effect that his words are slightly slurred. Stefano and Trinculo are both very low down in the hierarchy, Stefano is the Alonso’s butler and Trinculo is his jester, and this also means that they would not have been taught proper English and so would not have been able to speak in clear, full sentences even when they were not scared of the storm and drunk. Caliban’s language however is a lot nobler and it is of much better English than those of Trinculo and Stefano. This is strange because it would be much more correct to have it the other way around with Trinculo and Stefano speaking better English than Caliban. The reason for this is because when Prospero first discovered Caliban, he treated him nicely and with some respect and Miranda also taught him to speak properly and eloquently and so he sounds like a nobler creature than he actually appears to others. Stefano plays a minor role in the play but provides much of the humour and acts as a contrast between those characters high up in the hierarchy and Caliban. Stefano and Trinculo do no measure up to characters like Alonso, Sebastian and Antonio, but both men have very similar characters. Trinculo’s role in the play is to convey to the audience the comedy and humour that most of the traditional plays of that time contained. However, because he, like Stefano, sees Caliban as a source of future income, he gets jealous because Caliban has chosen Stefano to be his master. When the opportunity arises, he is more interested in getting as much as he can than in fairness. There are many different themes to Shakespeare’s play, ‘The Tempest’, and they all occur frequently. One of these is sovereignty. It is connected repeatedly to Alonso and the usurpation of the throne of Naples and of the Dukedom of Milan. The occurrence of this theme in this passage is when Stefano has just discovered Trinculo hiding from the storm underneath Caliban’s cloak and Trinculo says, ‘And art thou living, Stefano? O Stefano, two Neapolitans ‘scaped? ‘ Trinculo is asking Stefano if they are the only two people to survive the storm. They think that they are the only ones to survive and so they now believe that they are in line for the throne now that the king, his son and all of the others are out of the way. This also connects to the theme of usurpation which is also echoed frequently throughout the play. Other examples of usurpation in this extract and throughout the play are numerous. One of the main ones is when Antonio and Sebastian conspire to kill Alonso and Gonzalo whilst they slept in order to take over the throne of Naples together.

Prostitution The Oldest Profession On Earth - 1107 Words

Prostitution Prostitution is considered as the oldest profession on Earth. Sexual service in return for payment is called the prostitution. Prostitution is a big issue effecting women, men, and children all over the world. This is a world-wide controversy and it is something that people are not comfortable talking about. The question is whether people who are involved in the sex industry are willingly or are forced to do it. Our society has different points of view on this issue. Some people agree and want to legalize it; some people are strictly against it. Anyway, throughout our society people look at the work in sex industry as degrading work. In some jurisdictions, prostitution is approached by three ways –regimentation, abolition,†¦show more content†¦They also believe that legalizing prostitution would increase the spread of disease, stating that it takes several weeks to get the results from STD tests allowing an infected prostitute to continue infecting her cl ients. Many also believe that since most sex workers are female, the practice is demeaning to women and enhances the changes of rape and violence. Some go so far as defining prostitution as a type of rape, since it turns a woman into an object for a man s use. Others state that prostitution increases the involvement of sexual predators and the use of minors as sex slaves (Debate). First, prostitution is closely associated with many accompanying phenomena that threaten the internal security of the country; therefore, it is perceived very negatively by our society. This means that a serious crime such as a drug-related crime, human trafficking, and commercial-sexual exploitation of children goes along with prostitution. Also, health risks (sexual transmitted diseases) accompany this activity. â€Å"Reaching sex workers is a critical effort for public health. Not only are sex workers at risk for higher rates of HIV and other STIs, sex workers who are unaware of their HIV status can en danger their own health and increase their risk of transmitting HIV or STIs to others† (CDC). In eight European countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Greece, Latvia, and Turkey prostitution by itself is legal.

Strategic Analysis Of Financial Statements A Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1846 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In current society, fundamental and technical analysis is used in company to analyze financial statements. But there is no identical that which approach is more profitable. In this essay, the comprehension and comparison can be researched in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches and propose suggestions to the company. Introduction Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are two kinds of approaches to analyze company financial statements. Some traders use them alone and some others associate them together (Talati,2002).But no matter how do they use, the two approaches aim to optimize company profit and help managers conduct the operation. In the first and second part, fundamental analysis and technical analysis are invested and in the third part, the differences and connection are researched and get the conclusion which is profitable for company financial statements analyzing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Analysis Of Financial Statements A Case Study" essay for you Create order 3. Critical discuss of fundamental analysis 3.1Definition of fundamental analysis Fundamental analysis involves analyzing financial statement, management and market and competitors. It focus on identify the fundamental value, production, interest rate and economy of the company. Fundamental analysis is the research of a company with the calculating the performance value and operation (Finweek,2006). In addition, it is a kind of investment which is the essential element of the asset managers (Moube A and Jannach M, 2003). As the historical mentioned, fundamental analysis start from a companys financial analysis, investors research the financial statement of the company and investigate its advantages and problem to forecast the future direction (Oglesby,2003). 3.2 Explain the procedure of fundamental analysis As above mentioned, fundamental analysis is a way to find the fundamental financial level of the company. The analysis aiming to investigate the financial health and estimate intrinsic value (Finweek,2006). There are three elements of fundamental analysis: economics analysis, industry analysis and company analysis. Each of the three analyses can express the intrinsic value of the company. If the intrinsic value is higher than market price, investor should take some measures to buy or share. In addition, companys fundamental or intrinsic value is decides by financial statement information. Firstly, share received from investor and supplier. Then amount of debt can examined the health of its operation by using debt to equity ratio and the current ratio. Thirdly, computing price/earnings ratio and PEG value to modify some measurement and ensure the growth of company (Elleuch and Trabelsi,2009). 3.3 Two approaches of fundamental analysis Fundamental analysis is one of professional analysis either in stock broking (sell side) or asset management (buy side) research forms (Finweek,2006). Moreover there are two approaches of fundamental analysis: top-down and bottom-up investing. 3.3.1 The top-down approach The top-up investing approach analyze with global economics, it comprised by international and national indictors such as GDP growth rates, exchange rates, interest rates, productivity and inflation (Wikipedia,2009). Generally speaking, top-down invests companys operation environment and examine the current strategy to predict future performance. Moreover, the approach includes macroeconomic, social and political activity which is useful for estimating the operation of the company. The main benefit of this approach is guarantee some relevant information keep in accordable which cannot cause conflict (Finweek,2006). 3.3.2 The bottom-up approach The bottom-up approach concentrates on specifically business and research different company of different invest ways. Bottom-up investing usually used in larger scale compared top-down used in local scale (Menge et al, 1997). To evaluate the influence of bottom-up factor in a global company, if the ecosystem is multiple and complicated, we should use different ways to match them. At first, the individual basic elements should be in great detail, and then this detail link together to develop a subsystem which can help company achieve global purpose (Pereira,1993). 4. Critical discuss of technical analysis 4.1Definition of technical analysis Technical analysis is a kind of security analysis which aim to describe the trend of company in future and the change of trend based on price and volume. Moreover, technical analysis does not attention for value, information and price can be predicted by historical data (Wikipedia,2009). Usually, technical analysis is named chartists because graphical presentations of their trading rules are used (Mizrach and Weerts,2009). Compared with fundamental analysis, technical analysis is more academic and practical, it usually discover the potential of previous price and then forecast the future equity value for managers (Battman et al,2009). 4.2 Characteristics of technical analysis Technical analysis is based on price and volume transformation to examine different capacity of trading rule. For example, technical analysis can help manager realize the earning profits by using relative strength index, moving average and inter-market correlations, etc (Battman et al,2009). Besides, technical analysis can illustrate the current and future share price and equity returns especially the random walk hypothesis which past price and predictable future return is identical agreement (Lo and MacKinlay, 1988, 1999). In addition, technical analysis studies the profitability of strategy which includes construction of portfolio at the foundation of historical measurement (Jegadeesh and Titman, 1993,2001). Because of that, technical analysis predict price movement based on historical performance make positive return in future by risk evaluation and capital management. 4.3 Principles 4.3.1 Prices move in trends When the market turn up or down, along with the price changed. Specifically, when the stock rose, sellers go into the market and sell the stock. There are various elements caused the changed such as perceived risk , market volume, analyst rating change and return (Mizrach and Weerts,2009). For example, a experiment conducted by Huddart et al(2007) which research of 52 weeks changed of price. The trading volume raises obviously when the variation of trading range, and the trend is abnormal at least 2 weeks. 4.3.2 History tends to repeat itself Investors believe that the trend can repeat several times because the behavior always repeats itself usually. Based on the price, technical indicators describe the state of market participant and operation but the behavior is not variable (Collins, 2001). 5. Compared two analysis used in analyzing company financial statements Financial statement is an outline of companys activities, operation and investment from a period of time. Information and data from financial statement reflect the financial situation and business operation of the company which is useful for investors and managers making decision and control. From the financial statement analysis, investors can obtain insight of the enterprise including strength and weakness and then advance the strength and diminish the weakness (Malhotra,2008). 5.1 Fundamental analysis used in company financial statements 5.1.1 Financial ratio Fundamental analysis focus on financial ratio which comes from balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows. From the financial ratio, managers can get the comparison of the company and other company in the same industry, topmost company in the industry and the condition of previous year of the same company. By using fundamental analysis, financial ratio is a clear way to describe the company position relative to against its peers and get the conclusion of strength and weakness and then make a future strategy to the company. Firstly, debtor turnover can reflect a firms activity. Specifically, turnover represents the inventory circulating rate. If the turnover is high, it means commodities sold quickly. In another word, the company activity is frequently (Wikipedia,2009). Secondly, current ratio can reflect the liquidity. As we all know, current ratio is equal to current assets over current liabilities. As a result, current ratio is significant relevance to liquidity be cause 1 percent increase of current ratio can cause more decrease in debt-equity ratio and debt-assets ratio (Toby,2007). Thirdly, gearing or leverage reflects financing. Therefore, change in leverage effect debt and stock so it demonstrate the return differences from different companies (Ozdagli,2009). 5.1.2 Global economics and environment In current society, global trade develops more quickly than the whole world GDP. In addition, the environment became more and more international too, so it means the firm should face more competitive challenge. As fundamental analysis, it focus on the whole state economy, interest rate and earning. When the amount of currency became reduced or the currency demand become increasing, fundamental analysis can research the forward decision and interest rate which have strengthening and weakening effect to the financial statements. Although foreign investments is effected by high interest rate which can improve the local currency (McDonald,2007). 5.2 Technical analysis use in company financial statements Owing to some problems which effect public value arisen in financial statements, investors prefer to use technical analysis verifying their attitude. Movement of price and volume can demonstrate the financial information by daily operation (Standfield, 2005). 5.2.1 Predict by historical data Technical analysis like a weather forecast which compare the past and present weather condition and predict whether need to bring umbrella if you want to go out. Actually, technical analysis predicts the trend to decide whether buy or sell (McDonald,2007). If the prediction would be accurate, some measurement should be taken during the technical analysis. For example, in order to foresee the trend of price, investors always random walk. The random walk model is known but its implication for technical analysis is hard to understand. Firstly, the price should constituent organized and last to the future. Secondly, investors use random walk model to predict the future trend. Specifically, the model can be describe,P means price and t means days. E()=0,E( During this model, the prediction price based on the current price . For one period prediction, = = +=. In addition, for two period, the formula is similar: = = +=+. Because of that, the error of prediction is var ((=, var (((=. So base d on the pattern, we can get a conclusion that var (=. From the model, the average of price may not be altered but the individual agreement must be random. In that condition, trend of future under technical analysis can be gainful. For instant, if the primary data shows a downtrend, then investors can adopt a short location until the trend became increased. After that, a long location takes place to the short one and make sure the development stable (Tomek and Querin,1984). 5.2.2 Differences and connection between technical analysis and fundamental analysis As mentioned above, the two approaches analyses are not total different. If a company use the mix analysis, fundamental analysis focus on the reason why price will change while technical analysis focus on when will the price change. As a result, it is the best way to integrate the two approaches. Therefore, if a fundamentalist look through technical analysis, some new discoveries such as new way to access the market or obtain the capital market share. It is resemble that technician use fundamental analysis to research the trade in market (Talati, 2002). Although there are some benefits to combine the two approaches, some limitations are existed. Technical analysis is good at control risk but it suitable for both short team and long term so that it is not applied in fundamental analysis sometimes which only use long term. In addition, fundamental trader can make decision depend on his own discretion while technical trader should rely on the investor or computerized design (Talati, 2002). 6. Conclusion In summary, both fundamental analysis and technical analysis are important to analyze company financial statement. Although there is some differences between them, the two approaches are not incompatible. Managers and investor could use the two approaches or use one of them depend on the market condition to optimize the profit of company.